Chapter 11 of 11 · A Critique of Interventionism by Ludwig von Mises
Index
A
Adler, Max, 86
Agricultural Policy, 57
Altschul, E. von, 81
Anti-Marxism
anticapitalistic, 71
failures, 86
German recovery, 95
Germany and Austria movement, 71
infatuation, 88
Russian Super-Marxism, 83
scientific Anti-Marxism, 71, 94
Association for Social Policy, 43, 51, 68, 72
Ausiaux, M., 61
B
Bagehot, Walter, 56
Banking School, 60
Bastiat, Claude Frédéric, 75
Bendixen, Friedrich, 60
Bentham, Jeremy, 34
Böhm-Bawerk, Eugen von, 44, 58, 62, 69, 73
Brentano, Lujo
academic socialism, 44
Agricultural Policy, 57
Böhm-Bawerk, Eugen von, 58
Brentano School, 46–49
Brentano-Webb doctrine, 62
Capital and Interest, 58
collective bargaining, 61
Economics After the War, 44
Empirical-Realistic School, 59
labor-union doctrines, 20
mentality of officialdom, 51
Methodenstreit, 59
Schmoller School, 59
Socialists of the Chair, 69
Buckle, Henry Thomas, 74
C
Capital and Interest (Böhm-Bawerk), 58
capitalism
alternative, 29
Clark, John Maurice, 29
condemned, 20
Das Kapital, 87
etatism, 98
etatists and socialists, 15
failure, 16
Herkner and Wiese, 52–53
immoral and unjust, 20
intervention, 34
interventionist state, 13
liberalism, 52
Marx and Engels, 92
means of production, 45
Modern Capitalism, 87
productivity, 66
proletariat, 91
public opinion, 13
social liberalism, 63
social policy, 63
socialistic critique, 88
Sombart, Werner, 87
syndicalistic social order, 63
third order, 2
unemployment, 16
cartels, 3, 12, 15, 40, 41, 105
Chicago School Libertarianism, x
Clark, John Bates, 24
Clark, John Maurice, 24, 25, 27–30
classical liberalism; see alsoLiberalism, social liberalism
demise of, 12
discretionary power, 13
freedom achieved by, 17
impartial middle position, x
intellectual victory, 17
limited government, 29
losing ground, 69
private property, 3
collective bargaining, 9n6, 11n7, 47, 61
Commons, John R., 4
communism, x, xi, 1, 21, 31, 53
competition
cartel formation, 41
entrepreneurs, 29
equal conditions, 35
labor unions, 16
misunderstood concept, 3
prices and wages, 29
protection of handcrafts, 63
public opinion, 26
regulations, 3
Schmalenbach’s error, 40
social function, 53
social phenomenon, 35
terminological confusion, 35
D
Das Kapital, 87
Davenport, Herbert J., 24
Deumer, Robert
analysis, 108
capital and labor, 109
commercialized government enterprise, 111–112
credit monopoly, 114
credit nationalization, 107, 114
Deumer-Travers-Borgstroem, 108
nationalized banking system, 113
private interests, 108
socialistic command system, 109
subjective judgment, 110
summation, 115
Dietzgen, Joseph, 86
division of labor
Marx, Karl, 59
private property, 14
private v. public, 106
productivity of labor, 75
public property order, 3
public property system, 18
Smith, Adam, 75
social intervention, 11
Socialists of the Chair, 6, 53, 59
Sombart, Werner, 92
utilitarianism, 78
E
Economics After the War, 44, 56
Economics, x
Economy, Economics and Economic Method, 72
Ehrenberg, Richard, 66
Empirical-Realistic School, 23, 59
entrepreneurs
capital consumption, 10–11, 105
competition, 29
corruption, 12
demand and supply, 27
etatists, 80
freedom, 15
government controls, 8
interventionism, 1, 4, 7, 14, 24
laws of the market, 17
nationalization, 106
restrictions, 13
supplying the markets, 15
Erfurt Program, 46
etatism
Deumer, Robert, 115
Kautsky, Karl, 48
Knapp, Georg Friedrich, 48
labor demands, 47
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 48
Marx, Karl, 59
Marxian reality, 98
practical policy, 99
Schmoller, Gustav von, 31
Socialists of the Chair, 46
state socialism, 45
welfare state, 83
Zwiedineck-Südenhorst, Otto von, 50
etatists
Banking School, 60
interventionist laws, 12
Marxian superstructure theory, 80
protectionism, 48
quantity theory, 60
socialism, 46
statism advocates, ix
F
Fabian Essays, 63
Fetter, Frank A., 24
Fischer, Gustav, vii
Fourier, Charles, 59
free competition, 3, 34, 35, 36
Friedman, Milton, x
Fundamental Economics, 81
G
Gelesnoff, Vladimir Michael, 81
genuine controls, 101
German Historical School, 73
Gide, André, 59
Gossen, Hermann Heinrich, 24
Gottl, Friedrich, 19
Gresham’s law, 22
Gurley, John G., x
H
Handbook of Social Sciences, xi, 8n5, 44, 72n2
Havenstein, Rudolf, 60
Hayek, Friedrich August von, vii, x
Helfferich, Karl, 60
Herkner, Heinrich, 43, 49, 50–52, 58, 59
Hilferding, Rudolf, 60
Historical-Realistic School, 21, 43, 54
Historical-Realistic-Social School, 20
History of Economics and Socialism, 58, 58n36
Humboldt, Wilhelm, 34
Hume, David, 34
I
interventionism
apology for, 36
arguments against, 31
basic questions, 30
catallactics, 19
Clark, John Maurice, 24
Commons, John R., 4
conclusions of economics, 34
constructive economic policy, 34
crisis of, 15
doctrine of, 16
eight-hour workday, 31
enforcement, 14
failure of, 12
German, 24
government intervention, ix
hampered economy, 38
hampered market order, xi
historical and practical arguments for, 21
labor productivity, 37
laissez passer, 37
modern subjective economics, 19
nature of, 2
new economic order, 42
overexpansion and immobilization, 114
price controls, 99
private property, 1
productive interventionism, 36
productivity loss, 15
public opinion, 13
question of degree, 28
refutation of, 36
theory of price controls, 99
theory of, 4
third order, 2
unemployment, 9
United States academia, 24
unsuitable and illogical, 42
wage policies of labor, 20
J
Jevons, William Stanley, 72
Jourdain, Philip Edward Bertrand, 57
K
Kant, Immanuel, 76
Knapp, Georg Friedrich, 48, 66
Knight, Frank, x
Kritik des Interventionismus, vii
L
Lassalle, Ferdinand, 86
Laws, 94
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 48, 65, 92
Lexis, Wilhelm, 73
Liberalism; see alsoclassical liberalism, social liberalism
authoritative intervention, 62
capitalism, 52–53
catallactic system, 60
classical, demise of, 12
constructive economic policy, 34
contemporary, 50
decline of, 21
discretionary power, 13
doctrine, practical, 97
etatist position, 61
freedom achieved, 17
Herkner’s view, 51
impartial middle position, x
intellectual victory, 17
intentions, 53
limited government, 29
losing ground, 69
Manchesterism, 63
Marxism doctrine, 98
misconceptions, 51
modern liberalism, 34
opposing intervention, 17
private property, 3, 45, 49, 51, 69, 97
production, means of, 45
property problem, 55
social suitability, 50
socialism called liberal, 35
syndicalism, 45
Syndicalist School, 45
university teaching, 81
utilitarian sociology, 87
wage rates, 61–62
Weber, Max, 67
Liefmann, Robert, 19
limited order, 4
M
Manchester School, 53
Manchesterism, 63
market phenomena, ix, 23, 62, 98
market price, 7, 101, 103, 105, 106
Marx and Engels, 71, 72, 74, 79, 92
Marx, Karl; see alsoMarxism
Banking School doctrines, 60, 60n41
class struggle, failure to define, 79
collective bargaining, 61
critique and personal hatred, 58
Das Kapital, 87
epigones, 72
Historical School, 73
interventionism, 31
philosophical naivetés, 86
property, private and public, 59
radical economics, x
Samuelson, Paul A., x
scholasticism, 71
scientific socialism, 17
small and insignificant, 73
Socialists of the Chair, 72
solidarity of interest, 78
Sombart, Werner, 87
true science of capitalism, 93
university teaching, 81
Marxism; see alsoAnti-Marxism
antiutilitarians, 81n15
bourgeois science, 71
class warfare, 92
Economy, Economics and Economic Method, 72
Fundamental Economics, 81
Gelesnoff, Vladimir Michael, 81
German historicism, 95
individualism, 86
interventionism, 2
Marxian blinders, 95
national problem, 82
nationalization, 91
non-western thought, 87
objectionable point, 94
scientific ground, 92
social doctrine, 76
social liberals, 61
Socialism and the Social Movement during the Nineteenth Century, 87
sociological theory, 93
Sombart’s struggle, 94
means of production
Anti-Marxism, 71
capital consumption, 10
capitalistic economy, 112
catallactics, 17
Clark, John Maurice, 29
Communist Manifesto, 46
competition, 35
constitution based social order, 60
destructionism, 66
direct control, 45
economic policies, 63
economics, 17
entrepreneur, 112
Erfurt Program, 46
etatists, 46
goods of higher order, 5
government control, 104–106
government ownership, x
Historical-Realistic School, 54
intervention, 4
Marxian-socialistic thought, 14
Marxist axioms, 91
middle forms, 106
modern liberalism, 50
nationalization, 74
nationalized, 28
partial socialization, 4
price controls theory, 99
price controls, 102
property, 45
public authority, 49
public ownership, 1
public property, 17
social liberalism, 45
Social-Democratic program, 46
Socialists of the Chair, 53
Sombart, Werner, 89
state-socialistic thought, 14
syndicalism, 45
two systems of social organization, ix
unearned income, 51
Menger, Carl, 24, 44, 58, 59, 69, 95
Methodenstreit, 18, 24, 56, 59
Mises, Margit von, vii
Modern Capitalism, 87
Moeller, Hans, 54
Mutualism, 107
N
nationalization
Brentano School, 48
credit monopoly, 114
credit, 107–114
Deumer-Travers-Borgstroem, 108
etatism, 46
Herkner, Heinrich, 50
intervention, 4
Marx and Engels, 74
Marxism, 91
production and consumption, 105
purchasing power, 114
Social-Democratic program, 46
Socialists of the Chair, 46
war economy, 102
Nationalization of Credit, The, vii
New Economic Policy, xi, 1, 65
O
Oppenheimer, Franz, 19
Outlines of Social Economics, 44
P
Palyi, Melchior, 61
Philippovich, Eugen von, 18
Plato, 94
Pribram, Karl, 86
price controls, 8n5, 9, 100, 102, 105
price intervention, 7, 8, 24, 25
principle of association, 75, 78, 79
private property
American aspirations, 69
American system, x
Anti-Marxism, 71
Clark, John Maurice, 30
command system, 111
consequences of interventionism, 2
destructionism, 66
division of labor, 14
etatist doctrine, 98
etatist objectives, 54
Fabian Essays,63
failure of reality, 108
foundation for a society, 18
government intervention, 20
Herkner, Heinrich, 49
Historical-Realistic School, 54
individualistic reasons, 50
interventionism, failure of, 12
interventionism, xi, 1, 12, 19
isolated intervention, 8
labor productivity, reduced, 65
liberalism, 45
liberalism, contemporary, 50
liberalism, older, 50
limited order, 4
market influence on price, 106
market wage, 10
means of production, xi, 14, 16, 35, 46, 52
middle form, 106
nationalization, 108
price controls theory, 99–102
Samuelson, Paul A., x
social suitability, 50
socialist opposition, 90
socialization, 4
Spann, Othmar, 1
state-socialistic thought, 14
system of socialism, 42
third social order, 2, 3, 18, 54
utilitarian socialism, 77
Webb, Sidney, 63
Zwiedineck, Hans von, 50
productive interventionism, 36–37
Proudhon, Pierre Joseph, 60n41
Public; see alsopublic property
business as public office, 46
conservative socialism, 45
consumption, 109
contempt for science, 20
economics, 19
etatism, 45
expense, 14
interests, 108
interventionism, xi
morals, 13
nationalized, 108
occupation as appointment, 46
ownership, 1
policy, 28
power, 104
profit motive, 12
services, 113
state socialism, 45
support, 109–110
taste, 109–110
weal, 13
works, 29
public property
classical liberalism, 17
division of labor, 18
etatism, 98
harmony doctrine, 77
Herkner, Heinrich, 49
intervention consequences, 2
labor productivity, 77
Marx, Karl, 59
means of production, 54
New Economic Policy, xi
price controls theory, 99
private property order v., 2, 106
society, nonviable, 55
Sombart, Werner, 89
unworkable, 18
Q
R
Republic, 94
restrictions of production, 5
Rodbertus, Johann Karl, 59
Ruskin, John, 59
S
Samuelson, Paul A., x
sanctioning controls, 99
Schmalenbach, Eugen
capital intensity, 39
cartel formation, 41
fixed costs, growth of, 39, 41
hampered economy, 38
monopolistic power, 42
permanent inefficiency, 42
Schmalenbach’s error, 40
theories, xi
Schmoller, Gustav von
Brentano, Lujo, 19
German Historical School, 18
Hasbach, Wilhelm, 18
Methodenstreit,18
Philippovich, Eugen von, 18
Stolzmann, Rudolf, 19
Weber, Max, 19
Seligman, Edwin R. A., 24
Sennholz, Hans F., vii
Simons, Henry C., x
Social-Democratic Party, 47
Social-Democratic program, 46
social liberalism
corruption, 13
doctrine, 59
etatist position, 61
Manchesterism, 63
Marx, Karl, 17
modern liberalism, 51
syndicalism, 45
Syndicalist School, 45
terminology, 49
wage rates, 61–63
social organization, ix, 2, 3, 77, 105, 112
socialism
anti-capitalistic, 90
Brentano, Lujo, 44
capitalism alternative, 29
Christian socialism, 45
conservative socialism, 45
Deumer, Robert, 115
economic problems, 90
egalitarian, 31
Fabian Essays,63
free competition, 34–35
German Historical School, 73
Herkner’s liberalism, 51
History of Economics and Socialism, 58, 58n36
idea components, 89
ideological failure, 68
inevitability, 94
international solidarity, 85
interventionism, 2
limitation of the particular, 90
Marx, Karl, 17
modern liberalism, 50
modern socialism, 91
nationalization of credit, 108
New Economic Policy, 65
political social ideology, 69
prerequisites, 65
price regulations, 102
proletarian ideology, 69
proletarian socialism, 87, 88, 90, 93
property, public and private, ix, 1, 2, 18, 42, 45, 49, 106
racism, 85
religious socialism, 98
Ricardo, David, 73
social liberalism, 63
social policy, 64
Socialism and the Social Movement during the Nineteenth Century, 87
Socialism of the Chair, 45, 66, 68
Socialist School, 45
socialization, 65
Sombart, Werner, 64
Sombart’s position, 87
state socialism, 45, 80, 91, 98
Syndicalist School, 45
terminology, 49
valuation, 90
war socialism, 102
Webb, Sidney, 63
Weber, Max, 66
welfare state, 83
Socialism and the Social Movement during the Nineteenth Century, 87
Socialists of the Chair
Brentano, Lujo, 46
catallactics, 59
control or economic law, 55
doctrines, x
etatism, 46
government interventions, 53
Herkner, Heinrich, 43
Lampe, John R., 36
Manchester School, 53
Manchesterism, 63
price controls theory, 99
private property order, 69
private property, 108
productivity concept, 6
Samuelson, Paul A., x
Social Democracy, opposition to, 72
socialization, 65
subjective-value theory, 57
wages, 44
Weber, Max, 66–68
Zwiedineck-Südenhorst, 55
Socialism and the Social Movement during the Nineteenth Century, 87
sociology
Anti-Marxism, 95
British, French, and American, 87
liberalism, 97
Marxian materialism, 86
socialism and syndicalism, 69
warfare, 78
western, 72
Solvay, Ernest, 61
Spann, Othmar, 1, 79, 81n17, 86, 88
statist seeetatists
Strigl, Richard von, 30
subjective-value theory, 57
supply and demand, 7, 28, 101, 103
syndicalism
Brentano School, 49
Brentano, Lujo, 46
ideological failure, 68
illogicality, 21
implacability, 45
labor, division of, 3
private property order, 18, 51
social ideal, 45n7
social liberalism, 44–45
social policy concept, 64
Socialists of the Chair, 46, 53
stagnancy, 69
T
Taine, Hippolyte Adolphe, 74
Taussig, Frank William, 24
Thünen, Johann Heinrich von, 24
Totomianz, V., 58
Travers-Borgstroem, Arthur, 107
U
unemployment
causes, 11n7
Clark, John Maurice, 27
Lampe, John R., 37
permanent institution, 9, 11, 15
scope and duration, 15
Strigl, Richard von, 30
transition friction phenomenon, 15
unemployment compensation, 11–12, 15, 16, 62
unsociability, 78
V
Vorländer, Karl, 86
W
Wagner, Adolf, 60
warfare sociology, 78
Webb, Sidney, 63
Weber, Max, 19, 20, 66–67, 67n54, 68
Wertfreiheit, 20
Wiese, Leopold von, 52
Wolf, Julius, 66
Y
Young, Allyn Abbot, 24
Z
A Critique of Interventionism
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