Index of Subjects

Abstinence, theory of, 38

Academic labor market, 148

Acceleration principle, 212

Acropolis, 107

Adaptation, 218, 230

Advertising, 24, 64, 157, 207, 234

Agriculture, 12ff., 41, 53, 72ff., 77, 129, 133, 141, 147ff., 149, 177ff., 180, 248, 257

America, 24, 31, 54, 105ff., 128, 134, 148, 149, 160, 166, 179, 225, 248

Anarchy. 4ff.

Anglo-American: school, 17; economies, 225

Antiquity, 15

Apartment house, 180

Argentina, 56

Artist, 22, 24

Auction, 6

Austria, 160

Austrian school, 17ff.

Autarky, 52, 71, 168ff.

Automobile, 43

Balance: of trade, 74, 126, 170; of payments, 110, 115, 125ff., 139, 170

Bank: run on, 93; money, 90ff.; notes, 89; system, 90ff.

Banking School, 94ff. Bankruptcy, 235, 251

Barter, 45ff.

Barter terms of trade, 170, 182

Big business, 64, 77, 257ff.

Bilateral, 47, 74ff.

Bimetallism, 87

Births, 52ff., 62

Boom, 140, 210

Brazil, 145

Budget deficit, 103

Business cycle, 70, 92, 208ff.

Business principle, 20ff.

Capital: nature of, 38, 43, 130ff., 185ff., 203, 204ff., 212ff.; consumption of, 119, 132, 139; fixed, 131; formation of, 133, 139ff.; goods, 43, 70, 119, 204ff.; theory of, 139

Capitalism, 15, 28, 29, 34, 37, 61, 133, 145, 159, 222, 231ff.

Cartel, 165ff.

China, 70, 134, 203

Choice and limitation, 13ff., 26, 28

Christmas tree, 65, 76, 147

Circulating capital (see working capital)

Circular flow, 123

Civil servant, 119, 120, 151

Classical theory, 17ff.

Clearing system, 50ff.

Coins, 86ff

Collective economy, system of, 35ff., 119

Collective needs, 35ff., 39, 40

Collectivism (see also socialism), 88, 238ff.

Command economy, 240.

Commercialization, 23

Communism (see collectivism, socialism)

Comparative costs, 172ff., 182

Competition, 25, 69, 151, 153ff., 178ff., 236ff, 250ff.

Competitive price, 19

Complementary products, 167

Consumers: economic role of, 66ff., 237; surplus accruing to, 155; goods, 43, 119

Consumption economy, 25

Costs, 14, 18ff., 26., 34, 38ff., 134, 140ff., 150ff., 167

Credit: nature of, 113ff.; creation of, 90ff., 114, 140, 212; economy, 15; expansion, 90ff.; money, 90ff., 114; theory of, 114

Crisis, 64ff, 70ff., 123, 132

Currency: description of, 89, 111; reform, 114, 247

Currency School, 95

Custom-made, 15

Customer service, 24

Czechoslovakia, 101

Dedication, 20ff.

Deflation, 97ff., 124, 215, 226

Demand, 142ff., 175ff.

Demand deposits, 90ff.

Democracy, 204, 222

Depression: nature of, 208ff; secondary, 216, 229

Deproletarianization, 200, 220

Differential rent, 191, 206

Diminishing returns, law of, 135, 140ff.

Discount, 89, 113

Distribution: definition and role of, 123, 137, 183ff; theory of, 185ff., 201ff.

Division of labor: description of, 2, 41ff., 170ff., 181, 208ff.; horizontal, 43; vertical, 43

Dumping, 50

Economic: calculation, 194, 204; growth, 229; history, 15, 48, 52; policy, 222, 250ff., 260; spirit, 20ff., 37; stages, 15; structure, 23Iff.; system, 23Iff.

Economize, 7, 25

Economy: of acquisition, 25; of the bureaucrats, 240; of large space, 75

Education, 35

Egoism, 20ff.

Egypt, 61

Elasticity: of needs, 10; of supply and demand, 146ff., 154, 176ff.

Engel’s law, 10

England, 56

Entrepreneurs: function of, 135, 190ff., 214, 219, 235; profits of, 190, 203

Epidemics, 62

Equilibrium, 17, 95ff., 143, 208ff.

Ethics (see moral foundations)

Exchange: act of, 44ff.; control of, 31, 47, 75, 87, 103, 247; rate of, 103, 106ff., 115; value in, 89

Expansion, process of, 208ff.

Exploitation, 21ff., 205

Export industry, 125

External morality, 23

Family, 55, 256

Federal Reserve banks, 106, 112

Finance, science of, 35, 39ff.

Fish market, 149

Force, 20ff.

Forced saving, 140, 214ff.

Foreign trade (see international trade)

Foreign trade theory, 168ff., 180

France, 54, 128, 250

Free money doctrine, 114

Full employment, 212ff., 218ff 229

Germany, 56, 73ff., 93, 103ff., 106, 115, 126, 146, 151, 182, 246ff.

1948, 246ff.; social market economy, 249

Gold: bullion standard, 90, 114ff.; certificates, 112; coin system, 90; exchange standard, 114; gold standard, 49, 76, 90, 97ff., 102, 113

Goods, 7

Grain, 10, 73, 130, 147ff., 154, 177, 206

Great Depression, 125, 222-23, 250

Highways, 35

Household economy, 15

Housing, 197

Ideology, 23, 37, 75ff., 159, 237

Imperialism, 24, 37ff.

Imported inflation, 106, 115

Income: description of, 119ff., 243ff,; disposal of, 124, 208ff.; distribution of, 122, 183ff.; elasticity of demand, 150

Index numbers, 109, 116

India, 61, 98

Industry, 56, 73, 140ff.

Industrial division of labor, 44

Inflation, 87, 97ff., 109, 115ff., 222, 247ff.

Institutional prices, 33

Integration, 47, 52, 75ff.

Interest, 5, 7, 38, 188ff., 192ff., 203, 204ff.

Internal morality, 23

International law, 48ff.

International trade, 18, 19, 27ff., 47, 48, 56, 67, 125ff., 168ff., 180ff., 248

Interventionism, 250ff., 260

Interventions, conformable and non-conformable, 256

Investments, 187, 190, 208ff.

Invisible exports and imports, 169

Israel, 173, 182

Italy, 56, 160

Japan, 56, 61, 78, 101, 248

Joint demand, 167

Joint supply, 18, 166, 180

Juridical monopoly, 157

Keynesianism, 22Iff.

Labor: factor of production, 129; market for, 139, 149, 187; theory of value, 18ff.

Land, 129, 206ff.

Land speculation, 137

Lausanne school, 17

Law, 48, 51, 74, 75, 81, 111

Legal monopoly (see juridical monopoly)

Liberalism, 19, 69, 75, 221

Liquidity, 90ff., 97ff.

Location, economics of, 73ff.

Luxury, 10, 16

Machines, 42ff., 63ff., 67, 133, 140

Macroeconomics, 124ff.

Marginal: costs, 151; morality, 50; production, 150; productivity, 136, 202; utility, 6ff., 16ff.

Maria Theresa thaler, 112

Market: description of, 44, 142ff., 157; law of extent of, 53, 76; price, 33ff.

Markup, 122

Marxism, 18, 37ff. 252

Mass civilization, 57ff., 62ff., 71, 220, 256ff.

Mass production, 133ff., 140ff.

Material value (of money), 88

Mathematics, 17, 19

Mature economy, 229

Maximum prices, 6, 30ff, 144ff., 189

Mercantilism, 16

Metallism, 82

Methodological problems, 19, 261

Metropolis, 73, 195

Middle Ages, 15, 16, 23

Mining, 73, 121, 129

Minimum prices, 144

Monetary interpretation of history, 111

Monetary theory, 111

Money: economy, 15; functions of, 5, 44ff., 113ff.; market for, 91; value of (see purchasing power)

Monopoly,, 22ff., 153ff., 178ff., 259

Monopoly price, 18, 153ff., 236ff.

“Moonlighting,” 71

Moral foundations, 20ff., 37

Mortality rate, 53, 62

Movies. 169

Multilateral, 47, 74ff.

National income, 118ff., 137

National income accounting, 125

National wealth, 137

National Socialism, v-vi, 34, 103, 146, 151, 221, 247, 249

Natural economy, 15

Natural monopoly, 157

Need, 25ff., 84

“New economics,” 225

Non-competing groups, 139

Note-issuing banks, 89, 90ff., 113

Occupation authorities in Germany, 249

Opportunity cost, 38

Optimum: of population, 59ff; of production, 133ff., 140ff.

Over-investment, 213, 219

Overlapping phases, 54

Overpopulation, 59

Over-production, 70, 210ff.

Payment: means of, 81, 111; by weight, 88

Paper money, 89ff., 100ff.

Performance principle, 21, 236ff.

Physician, 22, 29, 67

Planned economy, 75, 194ff., 224, 238ff 259

Population, 52ff., 71, 76

Postage stamps, 45

Power, distribution of, 255

Precious metals, 86ff.

Price: differentiation, 156ff., 179; function of, 142ff.; formation of, 6ff., 18ff., 142ff.; level, 107ff.; system, 33ff.

Prices, flexibility of, 146ff.

Producers, 66

Producers’ goods, 43, 212

Producers’ surplus, 150

Production: analysis of, 25ff., 118ff 133ff.; factors of, 128ff., 185ff.; for the market, 15; for profit, 237; for use, 237; nonspecific means of, 39; specific means of, 39

Productivity, 48, 243

Profession, 22, 64

Profitability, principle of, 235ff.

Profiteering, 186

Profits, 190ff., 203

Proletariat, 78, 220, 233

Protective tariff, 172ff.

Public utilities, 179

Purchasing power: analysis of, 97ff., 107ff., 115-16; parities, 115; theory of wages, 202ff.

Quantity theory of money, 102, 116

Queue system, 28

Radio, 169

Railroad fares, 156ff.

Rare goods, 18, 120

Rarity, 8

Rationing system, 29, 39

Rent: control, 30, 46; forms of, 203; of land, 185ff 192ff., 206

Repressed inflation, 104, 115, 248

Retail trade, 157ff.

Ricksha coolies, 134, 203

Risk, 191, 203, 219

Russia, 29, 30, 34, 56, 104, 146, 151, 192, 204, 213, 241ff., 260

Saving, 38, 140, 205, 208ff.

Scandinavia, 199

Scarcity, 7, 13, 26ff., 120

Scarcity theory of money (see quantity theory)

Scholars, 22, 24

Schwabe’s law, 10

Self-financing, 140

Silver standard, 98

Social division of labor, 44ff.

Socialism (see also collectivism, command economy, planned economy), 4, 18, 25, 36, 44, 104ff., 132, 194ff., 204-05,209,214, 231ff., 247, 252

Soviet Union (see Russia)

Special interests, 66ff., 236

Speculation, 122, 137

Stabilization, 217ff.

State, 48ff., 236, 251

Stock exchange, 24, 137, 149, 236

Students, 35, 120

Subsidiary coin, 112

Subsistence fund, 130

Substitution, 133

Supply, 142ff., 175ff.

Surplus value theory, 18

Sweden, 104

Switzerland, 126, 169, 199

Synthetic products, 28

Taxes, 35, 200

Technical point of view, 27, 60

Technical principle, 27

Television, 169

Third road, 250ff., 261

Totalitarianism, 103, 238ff.

Trade, 121ff.

Trade name monopoly, 157

Transportation, 121, 168

Transport monopoly, 157

Transfer, problem of, 66ff.

Turkey, 65, 82

TVA, 254

Under-investment, 219ff.

Underdeveloped countries, 51, 54, 76

Underpopulation, 59

Unemployment, 70, 187, 208ff.

Unemployment assistance, 148

United States (see America)

Urban land rent, 195ff., 207

Valorization, 145

Value 6ff., 16ff.

Value, increase in, 196

Velocity of circulation of money, 116

Wages: analysis of, 185ff., 202; wages-fund, 199; inflation, 105; theory of, 202

Waiting, 130ff., 204ff.

Working capital, 132

World economy, 15, 16, 47, 74, 168ff.