Index

Access

and egress rights, 265, 266, 283–84, 352

full, 173

insurance, 413

road, 265, 266, 276, 277

search, 283

Accidents, causes, 5, 348n, 350

Air pollution, 406

American Civil Liberties Union, 206

American Public Works Association, 230

American Trucking Associations, 382

Anti-immigration, 216–17

Antisocial behavior, 110

Apathy, 6

Asset value, 387

Attribution, 336

Austrian economic perspective, 358, 359n, 369

Automobile banning against, 76, 83

Automobile-mass transit synchronization, lack of, 66

Average revenue curve (demand curve), 32

Banfield, Edward C., 51, 52, 55

Bankruptcies, 23–24

Baumol, William J., 150

Bennett, James T., 335

Bish, Robert L., 53, 64, 74

Blockades, 283–84, 285, 288

Bonavia, Michael R., 100, 102

Borcherding, Thomas, 334

Bribes, 19

Bridges, 298, 301–02, 304, 306–08, 316, 319, 321, 323, 328, 356n, 359

Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Company, 240

Brownlee, O.H., 72, 114, 115, 116

Buchanan, James M., 49, 50, 72

Burchard, John, 37

Bureaucratic statist system, 76

Bureaus, regulatory, 160, 163

Bus lanes, special, 84–86

California Private Transportation Company, 232

California State Route, 120, 269, 276

Callahan, J.M., 191

Campbell, H.E., 156

Capital, 101, 102, 117, 118, 130, 148–49

Capitalism, 319; see also Laissez-faire

Carpooling, 388–89

Cars vs. people, 82

Case probability, 132

Central planning, 370–72

Cigarettes, 207–14

Class probability, 132

Clay, Henry, 103

Coase, Ronald H., 175, 210

Coercion, 288–90

Competition, 18–19, 30–31, 155, 160, 162, 163, 170, 181

perfect, 30–33, 36, 368–70, 369n, 373

real, 369

Competitive industry, 261, 325

Competitive market process, 35

Congestion, 47–48, 49–96, 229–32, 356–58, 371–73, 376

crisis, 69, 73

criteria to reduce, 79–80

economic approach to, 11

solutions

automobile banning, 76, 82

bus lanes, 64, 84–87

central planning, 370–72

electronic monitoring, 64, 65, 83, 86, 91

expanding roads, 72–73

free fare, 90–95

government rules, 59

improved mass transit, 88

limited turns, 61

reversible one-way streets, 61

staggered work hours, 59

surveillance, 63–65, 83

zoning, 65, 68

Congestion vs. density, 51

Contracts, implicit, 344

Cooper, Norman L., 113

Courts, 322–23

Covenants, restrictive, 121

De minimis argument, 302

Deaths, highway, 4, 188, 189, 191n, 193, 349, 351, 356, 363–64

street owner liability, 342

decline with enterprise system, 15

Delanoy, Chris, 327

Demand curve (average revenue curve), 32, 140

Demsetz, Harold, 210

Density, 51

Department of Transportation (DOT), 381n, 399

DiLorenzo, Tom, 335

Discrimination, 218, 220, 221

Doctrine of

ad coelum, 296–300

diffused benefits, 137

revealed preference, 126, 132–35, 136

sanctity of property values, 288

Dollar vote, 234

Double decking, 37–38

Drinking/drunk driving, 347–52

Driverists, 157

Dyckman, John W., 73

Econometrics, 132

Economies

of scale, 15, 373–75

science of, 71

Electronic Road Pricing (ERP), 272–73

Eminent domain, 179, 255, 258–60, 407, 366–68, 375, 377

challenge, 17, 19

Enterprise, value of a commercial, 18

Entitlement, 242

Entrepreneur(s), 7, 14–16, 34–35, 40–42, 62, 69, 95, 130, 204, 224, 248, 250, 252, 350, 351, 389, 394, 411

consumer desires and, 406

Equity and pricing, 376–77

Excludability, 98, 98n, 112, 121, 122, 141

Exclusion principle, 98

External

economics, 98, 99–108

diseconomies, 108–113

Externalities, 97–99, 286–88

argument, 99, 102–05, 108, 136

internalized, 110, 111, 120, 125

market failure of, 358–61, 359n

pecuniary, 107n, 129, 130

positive, 97n, 99, 111, 113, 115, 120

Federal Highway Administration (FHA), 230

Freedom of movement, 130, 131, 218, 222

Fisher, Carl, 149

Free

enterprise, 224, 338, 341

fares, 90–95

immigration, 216

market, 70

market in roads, 7, 11, 13, 23, 38

market transportation network, 70

mass transportation, 90–91

rider, 114–18, 136

society, 216, 283, 289, 295n, 323n, 338, 344–45, 381, 386

Friedman, David, 297, 299

Friedman, Milton, 297, 298, 299

Galt, John, 396

Gilad, B., 188

Government

as manager of roads and highways, 68

responsibility, 363–66

Graves, Philip E., 294

Green light time, 28

Gridlock, 356

Hague, Douglas C., 32

Hayek, F.A., 393

Haritos, Z., 39

Harwitz, Mitchell, 130

Haveman, Robert H., 31, 110, 125, 132, 135

Heller, Walter H., 72, 114, 115, 116

Heyne, Paul, 192

High-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes, 231, 398

Highway

fatalities and road socialism, 331–45

mileage, 147, 149

monopoly, 230

safety record, 155

transportation market, 192

Homesteading, 217, 239, 240n, 242–44, 318–20, 409, 414

Hoppe, Hans-Hermann, 218

Integration, forced, 216

Intersection ownership by a third party, 28–29

Immigration, 215–18

Improved mass transit, 88

Independent Rapid Transit Corporation, 240

Indivisibilities, 43, 373–75

and road provision, 373

Infrastructure, decline in condition, 385

Insurance

access, 413

automobile rates, 173–78

title, 412

Internationalization of the externalities, 121

International Bridge, Tunnel and Turnpike Association (IBTTA), 363–64

Interstate Highway System, 385 Investment ex ante and ex post, 40

Isolability, 136–38

Jackman, W.T., 103, 145–47

Joint stock company, 244

Kain, John F., 63

Khursheed, Aaiysha F., 334

Kirk, Robert, 53, 64, 74

Kirzner, Israel, 34,

Kolko, G., 164

Kreml, F.H., 155–56

Laissez-faire capitalism, 175, 178, 179, 250, 265

Land collectivitization, 179, 180

Land values, 18

Land-use controls, 66

Lave, Charles, 187, 191, 193

Law suits (lawsuits), 197

Liability, 342–44

Libertarian, 409, 413, 415–17

law, 414

Party, 416

perspective on rights, 205

political economic philosophy, 201, 202, 211, 214

Libertarianism theory, 239, 407

Libertarians, 386, 388, 399, 413, 416

Lincoln Highway, 149

Load factor, 88

Locke, John, 311–12

Lockean-Rothbardian property rights, theory, 296

Lockean

homesteading, 299, 304

-Rothbardian-Hoppean homesteading theory, 414

Loeb, P.D., 188–90

Longer Combination Vehicles, 382

Mackey, Cecil, 163

MADD, 348–54

Majoritarianism, 124

Market

action, 136, 137, 142

failure, 358–61

process, 13, 26, 34–35, 41

value of rights of way, 130

Mass transportation, 65, 68, 73, 83, 86, 90, 02, 95

McFarland, R.A., 158

Megaproject failures, 393–94

Meiburg, Charles O., 50

Meyer, John R., 54

Mises, Ludwig von, 132, 133–34, 135

Mohring, Herbert, 72, 129–30, 357, 359–61, 366–77

Monopoly, 10, 41, 43

Morris, S.S., 73

Mothers Against Death Drivers, 348

Muller, Christopher, 284

Municipalization, 240, 241

Nader, Ralph, 5, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162

Naderites, 153, 164, 202

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), 44

National Safety Council, 382

Nationalization, 240

Noble, Charles, 38

Non-compete clause, 269–72

Olson, Mancur, 140–44

Outsourcing, 391–93

Overbuilding, 40, 70

Owen, Wilfred, 37, 81

Parades, 202, 206–07

Parish highways, 147

Peak load, 49, 50, 60

pricing fees, 396

Peltzman, Sam, 5

Permit system, 80, 80–81n

Peterson, Shorey, 104–08, 146, 150, 151

Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike Corporation, 148

Place, definition of, 39, 40

Poole, Robert, 383–85, 387–402

Posner, Richard A., 210

PPP (Public-Private Partnerships), 390–91

President’s Task Force on Highway Safety, 155

Price system (theory), 71, 72, 79, 80n, 82, 85–88, 93, 357

Pricing of road services, 361–62

Private

consumption good, 118

enterprise, 4, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 26, 31

market in roads, 7

property, 110

property right system, 82

railroads, 149

returns, 100, 101

road developer, 18, 19

road ownership, 30, 42, 229, 231–32

road owners and safety, 44

roads, history of, 145–49

roads, incentive to provide good service, 229, 230, 232

streets, 237–38, 240

Privatization, 204, 205, 224, 349–52

Privatizers (road capitalists), 184

Profit-and-loss business incentives, 155, 156, 157, 198,

Profit-and-loss system, 14, 16, 38, 41, 63, 90, 113, 126, 156, 163, 224, 274, 351, 385

Profits and losses, 231

Property owner, landlocked, 289–90

Public

apathy, 6

Choice School of thought, 196

good argument, 140, 150, 151

goods, 98, 118–24, 125, 129, 132, 136, 139, 141, 144, 145, 150, 151

highway system, 229, 230

ownership of roads, 364

police, 220, 222

relations, 255, 276–77

Public-Private Partnerships (PPP), 390–91

Quality, concept of, 286–87

Rand, Ayn, 416

Rapid transit, 64, 66

Reason Foundation, 379–402

Reason Public Policy Institute, 379–402

Reductio ad absurdum, 103, 108, 368

Revealed preference doctrine, 126, 132–36, 137

Revenue curve, average (demand curve), 32, 137, 140

Rights

of access, 20

of way, 375

surface owner’s, 297, 299

Rivalrous competition, 33, 36, 369

Road(s)

capitalists, 184

commercialized, 255, 270, 273

computer monitoring system, 26

denationalizing, 4

enterprise, problems, 15, 239–40, 245, 250

entrepreneur, 406

freak, 340

government owned and managed, 192, 356, 362–63

history of private, 145–49

manager, 154, 155, 156, 161

monopolistic, 325–29

private, transition, 288–89

privatization, 279, 281–90, 406, 408, 410, 415

privatizers, 184

provision, economies of scale,

rage, 350

services, pricing of, 361–62

socialism, socialists, 183, 186191, 192, 199

Road ownership and management, substitution of private for public, 154

Roadists, 157

Roadway, statist mismanagement of, 356, 361, 362

Robbins, Lionel, 34

Ross, William D., 115–16

Roth, Gabriel, 11, 41, 79, 81n, 94, 273

Rothbard, Murray N., 117, 120, 128, 135n, 137, 139n, 395–96

theory of property rights, 296

Rule of two, 406, 408

Rules of the road, 14–15, 21–23, 406

Rush hour, 47, 54–55, 57, 59, 60–63, 73, 75, 85, 89, 94

Safety record, 15

Samuelson, Paul A., 118, 124, 127, 132, 135, 138–40

Savas, E.S., 125, 132, 135, 150

Scale of holdings, 284

Scheiner, James I., 91, 94

Seatbelt laws, 384

Sherril, R., 159

Skip-stop service, 89–90

Smerk, George M., 30, 40, 107n, 116n, 117, 117n, 130, 131

Smith and Wright (SW), 173–78

Smith, Adam, 224, 235, 360, 368, 373

Smoking regulations, 207

Social returns, 100–01

Socialist provision, 233

Sommers, Paul M., 189n

Sovietized highway system, 175, 180, 356

Speed

limits, 202, 203, 204, 207

variance, 194

Starling, Grover, 91, 94

Statist system, 76, 287

Stonier, Alfred W., 32

Streets, private, 237–38, 240

SW (Smith and Wright), 173–78

Syndicalism, 282

Tariffs, 377

Taxpayers, 240, 251

Theory, Libertarianism,

Thompson, Wilbur, R., 56, 78–79, 90

Tiebout, Charles M., 122, 124

Tire failure, 159

Title, chain of, 312

Toll(s), 266, 275

booths and gates, 15, 91, 146, 172, 269, 272, 371

collection rights, 15

electronic collection, 17

revenues, 371, 375–76

road, fully automated, 232

truckways and, 363

Towns, building new, 65–66

Traffic

equilibrium, 73

flow, direction of, 390

lights, staggered, 29

off peak, 50, 53, 54, 60, 73, 95

snarls, 24

Transaction costs, 245

Transportation technology, 63, 67, 70, 91

Trespass (forced integration), 216–18

Tripp, Sir Alker, 145

Truckways, 382, 383n

Tullock, Gordon, 296, 301, 304, 306–09

Turnpike(s)

privately built, 355

Two-to-one rule, 363–64

Universal produce codes, 249

Urban

arterial streets, 49, 72

growth, comprehensive plans, 67, 70–71

mass transportation, 68, 73

Utility, 116, 127–29, 128n, 131, 135, 139, 142, 143

Value-rankings, 132, 133

Vehicle inspection, 162, 188, 189, 191

Vehicleists, 157

Vickrey, William, 78

View(s), and ownership, 302–05

Walters, A.A., 48, 109, 110

Warren, Robert, 122

Weber, W.E., 191

White, Lawrence H., 335–36, 338–44

Wilson, James Q., 54

Winch, David, 6

Wohl, Martin, 56, 73

Wooldridge, William, 8

Wright, Randall, 173–78