Chapter 5

²³⁴ Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty! An American History (New York: Norton, 2005), pp. 701-703.

²³⁵ Ibid., p. 733.

²³⁶ Paul Jacobs and Saul Landau, "The Movement's Themes; the Movement's Origins" in Beyond Liberalism: The New Left Views American History, ed. Irwin Unger (Waltham, MA: Ginn & Co., 1971), p. 334.

²³⁷ Carl Oglesby, "The World Before Watergate," Inquiry (May 29, 1978): 14. See also Jeff Riggenbach, In Praise of Decadence (Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 1998), p. 49.

²³⁸ M. Stanton Evans, "who drafted the Sharon Statement," the founding statement of Young Americans for Freedom, told interviewer Rebecca E. Klatch in 1983 that "[t]he impulse behind both organizations [yaf and SDs] was common libertarian-ism: both believed society was too regimented, government too big. There was a strong impulse toward personal freedom. Many of the SDS statements I agreed with." Nor was Evans alone among young "conservatives" in feeling this way. U.S. Congressman Dana Rohrabacher of Southern California (R-Huntington Beach) was active in yaf in his youth. He told Klatch that "[t]he two things that eventually split the youth of the right wing were the draft and legalization of marijuana. Those two issues were central issues.... Milton Friedman, who was the conservative guru... [was] in favor of marijuana being legal and... not in favor of the draft.... It's consistent with his free enterprise philosophy. Well, the libertarians started evolving into that and pretty soon you got into a situation where on the fundamental issues of the day... the libertarians were more in tune with what the left was advocating than [with what]... the conservatives were advocating." Rebecca E. Klatch, A Generation Divided: The New Left, the New Right, and the 1960s (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), pp. 34, 156-157..

²³⁹ Murray N. Rothbard, For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto (New York: Collier, 1978 [1973]), p. 46.

²⁴⁰ Ayn Rand, The Virtue of Selfishness (New York: World, 1964), p. 151.

²⁴¹ Lewis H. Lapham, "Civil Obedience." Harper's September 2005: 7.

²⁴² Jeff Riggenbach, "Reason Interview: Murray Bookchin." Reason October 1979, p. 36.

²⁴³ Karl Hess, Dear America (New York: William Morrow, 1975), pp. 10-11, 12.

²⁴⁴ Murray N. Rothbard, "Confessions of a Right-Wing Liberal." Ramparts, VI, 4, June 15, 1968. Online at http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard77.html

²⁴⁵ Don Lavoie, National Economic Planning: What Is Left? (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, p. 215.

²⁴⁶ Murray N. Rothbard, Left and Right: The Prospects for Liberty (San Francisco: Cato Institute, 1979 [1965]), p. 7.

²⁴⁷ Ibid.

²⁴⁸ Alexis de Tocqueville, The Old Regime and the French Revolution. Tr. Stuart Gilbert. Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith, 1978 [1856]).

²⁴⁹ Will Durant and Ariel Durant, Rousseau and Revolution (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1967), p. 872.

²⁵⁰ Owen Connelly, French Revolution/Napoleonic Era (Holt, Rinehart and Winston,

²⁵¹ Will Durant and Ariel Durant, The Age of Napoleon (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1975), p. 34.

²⁵² Ludwig von Mises, Liberalism: In the Classical Tradition (San Francisco: Cobden Press, 1985), p. 29.

²⁵³ Vernon Louis Parrington, Main Currents in American Thought: An Interpretation of American Literature from the Beginnings to 1920 (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1930), p. 324

²⁵⁴ Connelly, op.cit., p. 3.

²⁵⁵ Lavoie, op.cit., pp. 16, 17.

²⁵⁶ David Osterfeld, ""Marxism, Capitalism and Mercantilism." (1991) Review of Austrian Economics, 5(1) pp. 107-116. Online at http://www.mises.org/journals/rae/ pdfrae5_1_5.pdf

²⁵⁷ Lavoie, op.cit., p. 218.

²⁵⁸ Murray N. Rothbard, "The Transformation of the American Right." 1964. Online at http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard13.html

²⁵⁹ Rothbard, Left and Right, op. cit.. p. 11.

²⁶⁰ Arthur A. Ekirch, Jr., The Decline of American Liberalism (New York: Longmans, 1955), pp. ix, 33, 116.

²⁶¹ Kenneth Roberts, The Kenneth Roberts Reader (New York: Doubleday, Doran, 1945), pp. 182-183, 185.

²⁶² Ekirch, op.cit., p. 36.

²⁶³ Ibid., pp. 39, 40, 40-41.

²⁶⁴ Ibid., pp. 42-43, 44, 45-46.

²⁶⁵ Ibid., pp. 46-47, 53.

²⁶⁶ Ibid., p. 41.

²⁶⁷ Gore Vidal, "Homage to Daniel Shays," in Homage to Daniel Shays: Collected Essays, 1952-1972 (New York: Random House, 1972), p. 443.

²⁶⁸ Ekirch, op.cit., p. 47.

²⁶⁹ Gore Vidal, Inventing a Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003), p. 105.

²⁷⁰ Ibid., p. 106.

²⁷¹ Murray N. Rothbard, "The Whiskey Rebellion." The Free Market, September 1994. Online at: http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbardi.html

²⁷² Ekirch, op.cit., pp. 54, 51.

²⁷³ Actually, of course, many of the Federalists were liberals, too. George Washington was a liberal. So was John Adams. They were, however, as Ekirch puts it, "liberals of a more conservative persuasion," (p. 27) and they adapted much too readily to the entirely illiberal—the entirely conservative—ideas of certain of their fellow Federalists.

²⁷⁴ Ekirch, op.cit., pp. 29, 44.

²⁷⁵ Vidal, "Homage to Daniel Shays," op.cit., p. 435. The reference to "the Thirty-Seventh President" is, of course, a reference to Richard M. Nixon, who famously justified his adoption of wage and price controls by declaring that "We are all Keynesians now."

²⁷⁶ Ibid., p.436.

²⁷⁷ Ekirch, op.cit., p. 71.

²⁷⁸ Clyde Wilson, "The Republican Charade: Lincoln and His Party." 7 September 2005. Online at http://www.lewrockwell.com/wilson/wilson20.html

²⁷⁹ Ekirch, op.cit., p. 116.

²⁸⁰ Ibid., pp. 123-124, 124-125. [emphasis added]

²⁸¹ Ibid., pp. 125-126, 126-127.

²⁸² Murray N. Rothbard, ""Requiem for the Old Right." Inquiry 27 October 1980: 24-27. Online at http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard46.html

²⁸³ Steven R. Weisman, The Great Tax Wars: Lincoln to Wilson—The Fierce Battles over Money and Power That Transformed the Nation (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002), p. 53.

²⁸⁴ Thomas J. DiLorenzo, "More Trouble for the Lincoln Cartel." 7 September 2004. Online at http://www.lewrockwell.com/dilorenzo/dilorenzo78.html

²⁸⁵ R. Hal Williams, "Grover Cleveland," in Paul S. Boyer, ed., Oxford Companion to United States History (Oxford, UK: Oxford UP, 2001).

²⁸⁶ Gregory J. Dehler, "Karl Rove's Inspired by McKinley—But It's Benjamin Harrison's Script He's Following." History News Network. Online at http://hnn.us/ articles/4576.html

²⁸⁷ Kolko, op.cit., pp. 61, 62.

²⁸⁸ Ibid., pp. 4, 5.

²⁸⁹ Glenn Porter, The Rise of Big Business, 1860-1910 (Arlington Heights, IL: Harlan Davidson, 1973), pp. 96-97.

²⁹⁰ Childs, op.cit., pp. 33, 39-40.

²⁹¹ Kolko, op.cit., p. 181.

²⁹² Ibid., pp. 128, 130.

²⁹³ Dehler, op.cit.

²⁹⁴ "McKinley, William." Encyclopedia Britannica. Online at: http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9049798

²⁹⁵ Williams, Contours of American History, op.cit., p. 364.

²⁹⁶ Ibid., p. 368.

²⁹⁷ See note 259, above.

²⁹⁸ Ekirch, op.cit., p. 172.

²⁹⁹ Martin, American Liberalism and World Politics, op.cit., p.79.

³⁰⁰ John Dos Passos, U.S.A. (New York: Library of America, 1996), pp. 564-565.

³⁰¹ John Dos Passos, Mr. Wilson's War: From the Assassination of McKinley to the Defeat of the League of Nations (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1962), p. 31.

³⁰² Ibid., p. 32.

³⁰³ Rothbard, For a New Liberty, op.cit., pp. 263-264.

³⁰⁴ Jim Powell, The Triumph of Liberty: A 2,000-Year History, Told Through the Lives of Freedom's Greatest Champions (New York: Free Press, 2000), p. 131.

³⁰⁵ Ekirch, op.cit., p. 197.

³⁰⁶ Dos Passos, Mr. Wilson's War, op.cit., pp. 32, 33.

³⁰⁷ Dos Passos, U.S.A., op.cit., p. 565.

³⁰⁸ Thomas Fleming, The Illusion of Victory: America in World War I (New York: Basic Books, 2003), p. 3.

³⁰⁹ Dos Passos, U.S.A., op.cit., p. 565.

³¹⁰ Ibid., p. 566.

³¹¹ Ekirch, op.cit., p. 197.

³¹² Rothbard, Left and Right, op.cit., p. 21.

³¹³ Ekirch, op.cit., p. 198.

³¹⁴ Quoted in Ekirch, op.cit., p. 199.

³¹⁵ Ibid., p. 199.

³¹⁶ Dos Passos, U.S.A., op.cit., p. 567.

³¹⁷ Robert Higgs, Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 123.

³¹⁸ Foner, Give Me Liberty!, op.cit., p. 721.

³¹⁹ Fleming, Illusion, op.cit., p. 472.

³²⁰ Quoted in Charles A. Beard and Mary R. Beard, The Rise of American Civilization, II, op.cit., p. 699.

³²¹ Ibid., p. 693.

³²² Murray N. Rothbard, America's Great Depression. Fifth Edition. (Auburn, AL: Mises Institute, 2000 [1963]), pp. 225-226, 197.

³²³ Paul Johnson, "Introduction to the Fifth Edition" in Rothbard, America's Great Depression, op.cit., p. xv.

³²⁴ Rothbard, America's Great Depression, op.cit., p. 121.

³²⁵ Williams, Contours, op.cit., p. 438.

³²⁶ Rothbard, America's Great Depression, op.cit., p. 186.

³²⁷ Murray N. Rothbard, "Herbert Hoover and the Myth of Laissez-Faire" in A. of Leviathan: Essays on the Rise of the American Corporate State, ed. Ronald Radosh and Murray N. Rothbard (New York: Dutton, 1972), p. 127.

³²⁸ Rothbard, America's Great Depression, op.cit., p. 186.

³²⁹ Rothbard, "Herbert Hoover," op.cit., p. 111.

³³⁰ Williams, Contours, op.cit., p. 426.

³³¹ William Manchester, The Glory and the Dream: A Narrative History of America, 1932-1972 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1974), p. 3.

³³² Ibid., p. 4.

³³³ John T. Flynn, The Decline of the American Republic (New York: Devin-Adair, 1955), p. 113.

³³⁴ Manchester, op.cit., p. 5.

³³⁵ John T. Flynn, The Roosevelt Myth (Garden City, NY: Garden City Publishing, 1^949[I^948]),p.38.

³³⁶ Garet Garrett, The People's Pottage (Caldwell, ID: Caxton, 1953), p. 27.

³³⁷ Flynn, The Roosevelt Myth, op.cit., p. 37.

³³⁸ Ibid., pp. 37, 36.

³³⁹ Quoted in John E. Moser, Right Turn: John T. Flynn and the Transformation of American Liberalism (New York: NYU Press, 2005), p. 3.

³⁴⁰ Justin Raimondo, Reclaiming the American Right: The Lost Legacy of the Conservative Movement (Burlingame, CA: Center for Libertarian Studies, 1993), p. 52.

³⁴¹ Jude Blanchette, "Libertarianism, Conservatism, and All That." 16 November 2004. Online at http://www.mises.org/fullstory.aspx?Id=1674

³⁴² Rothbard, "The Transformation of the American Right," op.cit.

³⁴³ Moser, Right Turn, op.cit., p. 3.

³⁴⁴ Murray N. Rothbard, "Life in the Old Right." August 1994. Online at http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard45.html

³⁴⁵ Rothbard, Left and Right, op.cit., p. 23.

³⁴⁶ Ibid., pp. 24-25.

³⁴⁷ Higgs, op.cit., p. 194.

³⁴⁸ Ibid., p. 191.

³⁴⁹ Ronald Radosh, "The Myth of the New Deal," in A New History of Leviathan, op.cit., p. 191.

³⁵⁰ Ekirch, op.cit., p. 276.

³⁵¹ Radosh, op.cit., p. 187.

³⁵² Rothbard, Left and Right, op.cit., p. 22.

³⁵³ Leonard P. Liggio, Why the Futile Crusade? (New York: Center for Libertarian Studies, 1978), p. 14.

³⁵⁴ Moser, op.cit., p. 113.

³⁵⁵ Sheldon Richman, "New Deal Nemesis: The 'Old Right' Jeffersonians." Independent Review Fall 1996, p. 203.

³⁵⁶ Murray N. Rothbard, "Life in the Old Right." op.cit. See also Murray N. Roth-bard, "The Life and Death of the Old Right," Rothbard-Rockwell Report September 1990. Online at http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard25.html

³⁵⁷ Radosh, "The Myth of the New Deal," op.cit., p. 167.

³⁵⁸ Richman, "New Deal Nemesis," op.cit., p. 211.

³⁵⁹ Sheldon Richman, "A Matter of Degree, Not Principle: The Founding of the American Liberty League." Journal of Libertarian Studies Vol. 6, No. 2 (Spring pp. 146-147.

³⁶⁰ Rothbard, "Life in the Old Right," op.cit.

³⁶¹ Clyde Wilson, "Save America! Vote Republican!" 30 September 2003. Online at http://www.lewrockwell.com/wilson/wilson14.html

³⁶² Hess, Dear America, op.cit., p. 13.

³⁶³ See Richard Pearson, "Former Alabama Governor George C. Wallace Dies." Washington Post 14 September 1998. Online at http://www.washingtonpost.com/ wp-srv/politics/daily/sept98/wallace.htm

³⁶⁴ See James Ostrowski, "Republicans and Big Government." 19 February 2002. Online at http://www.mises.org/story/895

³⁶⁵ Karl Hess, Mostly on the Edge: An Autobiography, ed. Karl Hess, Jr. (Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 1999), pp. 183-184, 181.

³⁶⁶ There is some historical confusion in this passage, though whether the confusion was Goldwater's or Hess's is hard to say. Marijuana was not forbidden by the Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914. It was not forbidden or even regulated under federal law (though it was in certain states and municipalities) until nearly twenty-five years later, with the passage of the Marihuana Tax Act in 1937.

³⁶⁷ Hess, Mostly on the Edge, op.cit., p. 179.

³⁶⁸ Hess, Dear America, op.cit., pp. 108, 105.

³⁶⁹ Sidney Blumenthal, "Revolt of the Goldwater Conservatives." Salon 26 February 2004. Online at http://www.salon.com/opinion/blumenthal/2004/02/26/goldwater/

³⁷⁰ Wilson, "Save America! Vote Republican!" op.cit.

³⁷¹ Rothbard, "Requiem for the Old Right." op.cit.

³⁷² Hess, Dear America, op.cit., pp. 68-69.

³⁷³ Murray N. Rothbard, "The Two Faces of Ronald Reagan" (1980). Online at http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard50.html

³⁷⁴ Murray N. Rothbard, "The Myths of Reaganomics" (1988). Online at http://www. mises.org/fullstory.asp?control=1544

³⁷⁵ Timothy Noah, "Ronald Reagan, Party Animal." Slate 5 June 2004. Online at http://slate.msn.com/id/2101829/

³⁷⁶ Molly Ivins, "Baghdad on the Bayou." 28 September 2005. Online at http://www. truthout.org/docs_2005/092905D.shtml

³⁷⁷ Sheldon Richman, "Ronald Reagan, Protectionist." Online at http://www.mises. org/freemarket_detail.asp?control=489

³⁷⁸ Murray N. Rothbard, "The Reagan Phenomenon" (1984). Online at http://www. lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard49.html

³⁷⁹ Rothbard, "The Myths of Reaganomics," op.cit.

³⁸⁰ Ostrowski, "Republicans and Big Government," op.cit.

³⁸¹ Sean Wilentz, "Reconsideration: Bush's Ancestors." New York Times Magazine 16 October 2005. Online at http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60El3FC3D5B0C758DDDA90994DD404482

³⁸² Quoted in Steven Greenhut, "Mr. Right?" Orange County (Calif.) Register 7 December 2003. Online at http://www.lewrockwell.com/ocregister/mr-right.html

³⁸³ Ibid.

³⁸⁴ Rothbard, "The Transformation of the American Right," op.cit.