Subject Index

SUBJEOI'-INDEX. (For this Inctexthe Author is indebted to ~'. HOWARD COLLINS, Esq., of Edgbaston, Birmingham.) Air: right to use, II,80-1, 81-2, 82-4,92, 152. Allen, Grant, Physiological.LEstketics, I, 524-5. Alms, generosity and giving, I, 386-7. Alpine climbing, II, 364-5. Altruism: egoism prior to, I, 187, 189, 197; defined, 201; evolution with ego ism, 201-4, 215; evolution of social, 204-6, 216; egoism, and maintenance of justice, 206-8,216; personal advan taetes of, 208-11, 217; social govern m~nt, 208, 216; aids egoistic enjoy ment, 211,212-15,217; universality of • social, 217; heredity, 218; two forms of, 219;. "greatest-happiness princi ple," 220, 235: as public policy, 221-4, 235; also as private, 224-6, 235 ; e~oism needful, 227-9, 236; physical simile, 228; pure, and evolution, 229-31. 236 ; transfer of happiness, 231-3, 236; uni versal adoption of pure, 233-5, 236; summary of" greatest-happiness prin ciple," 235-7; compromise with ego ism, 237-41 ; evolution and conciliation ofinterests,242-4; sympathetic evolu tion, and language of feelings, 246-9 ; sympathy, and evolution orconduct, 249-51; evolution and limitation, 251 4, 254-7; ethical incongruities, 259; absolute ethics, 264; ethical divisions, 281; beneficence and scope of ethics, 286-8;. conflict with egoism, 289; evo lution of life and, 290-2; also social evolution, 293-5; future evolution, 295-7; and of sympathies, 297; evolu tion and· conciliation with egoism, 2\J8-300; of insects, 300-2; structure, and evolution of,302; justice, 377; and life, 480-1; heredity, 481-3, 483-4; .

and rest, 498; and nutrition, 506-7; and culture, 521-2; sentiment of jus tice, II, 29-31, 31-4; right to motion, 178; kinds of, 263-76 ; beneficence and justice, 268-70, 270-1,273-4 (see also Egoism). Ambulance societies, applauded, II, 361. America: temperance, I, 446; express (489) ABILITY : and freedom. II, 157-9; re straints on display, 307-12; approba tion, 307-8; controversy, 308-10, 310, 311; games, 310; social intercourse, 310-2. Absolute Ethics (see Ethics). , Abstraction: of language, 1,35; belief in causation, 47; idea of colour, 124. Accidents, help in, II, 360.. Activity: I, 485-92: and life, 485-6; needful, 486-7; labour and pleasure, 487-8 ; and constitution, 488-90; limita tion, 4~0-1, 491-2. Acts, adjustment .to ends (see Conduct). Acts of Parliament (see Law). Adam, curse of labour, 1,430. Adaptation: of future evolution, I, 182-0, 249, 307; benefits of, 188,198; egoism and general happiness, 189-91, 198; pure '-altruism, 229-31, 237; develop ment of sympathy, 244-46; absolute ethics, 275; organic evolution, 296; al truism of insects, 300-2: and sleep, 497; and labor, 490-1; justice and freedom, II, 151-2; evolution and ethics, 25~6; of social units, 258-9; sensational, emo tional, and social, 26.,.7.

Admiralty, officialism, II, 232. Adultery (see Chastity). -'Esthetics: altruistic development, I, 214, 217; pleasure of, 263, 524-7; altruism, 522,530. -'Estho-physiology, and psychology, I, 78. Age, effect on pleasure, I, 213; age, mar riage, 537; eyesight, 405-6; effects of greater, II, 19. Aggression: I, 340-51 ;' infanticide, 340 1; private homicide, 341-3; war, 343 7; enmity and amity, 347-50; sum IDftry ftnd induction, 350-1; and re venge, 361-2; and justice, 369; family, 369-72; individual, 372-3. AgnostiCIsm: J. L. Davies on, II, 445 50. Agriculture: officialism, II, 241; andfree contracts, 288-9, 289.

490 AMITY -BENTHAM. companies, II, 248; undeserved pay ments in, 306; party government, 413-6. Amity: aggression, and enmity, I, 34'7 50, 350-1; robbery, 359-60; justice, 374-7. Amusements: I, 523-31; justified, 523 4; travelling, 525; pictures, 525, 530; fiction, 526, 530; theatre, 526-7, 530; music, 527; field sports, 528; football, 528; boat-racing, 528; gymnastics, 529; chess, 529; cards, 529; gambling, 530; egoism, 530; altruism, 530-l. Anarchy: disregard of justice, II, 272. Ancestor worship: relation to ethics, I, 307-11; and ethical sentiments, 336 '7; sentiment of justice, II, 30. Anger, and moderation, II, 321. Animals: ethics, and conduct of, I, '7; struggle for existence, 17; pleasure, and nervo-muscular structure, 180; ethics of, II, 3-7, 149-50; ethical acts, 3-4; benefits and efficiency, 4-5, 5-6 ; idea of limits, 36; conscience in, 451 60 (see also Annulosa, Ccelenterata, Justice-Sub-human, Mammalia, Mol lusca, Protozoa).

Annulosa: length and quantity of life, I, 14; indefiniteness, 67. Ant, altruistic activijiy, I, 300-2. Anti-corn laws (see Free Trade). Antimacassar, use and appearance, II, 403. Appendices: the Kantian idea of rights, II, 437-9; the land question, 440-4; the moral motive, 445-50; conscience in animals, 451-60. Appetite: satisfaction of, II, 450; ( see also Nutrition, Temperance). Applause: pseudo-generosity, I, 379-82, 386-7; and incorporeal property, II, 113-7; desire for, 307-8; conversation, 308-10, 310, 311. Approbation: display of, II, 307-8; and beneficence, 423. Approval (see Applause, Approbation, Praise). A Priori: reasoning, II, 54-'7. Aristotle: idea of' happiness, I, 35-7; origin of right and wrong, 51; on pleasure, Hi3; and justice, 164; and the ideal man, 278; doctrine of the mean, 556-7; justice, II, 37-40. Army, officialism, II, 232. Art :, pleasure from, I, 525-6; altruism, 530; bequests of, II, 249.

Artery, blood supply, and ethical anal ogy, I, 58, 309. Astronomy: analogy with moral science, I, 57; development and relation to ethics, 61; ethical analogy, 272; and culture, 516. At Homes, now conventional, II, 396. Austin, J., on law, II, 54. Author (see Literature). Authority, ethical sentiments, I, 335-'7. BAD, meaning of, I, 21-6,30,44. Bain, A.: Mental and Moral Science, I, 57,278; acts giving pain and pleasure, 100-1' moral obligation, 126. Ball, John, and temperance, 1,447. BuncEt Homana, II, 421. Banking, State regulation, II, 155. Bankruptcy, and wages, II, 291-4. Bal'ker & Co.'s bank, II, 421. Barratt, A., Pli'lJsical Ethic8, I, 100. Barristers, and competition, II, 283-4. Beauty: and sunshine, I, 481; praise, II, 323-4; utility, 402-5. Beavers: co-operation, II, 11, 13; in stinct, 25. Bee, altruistic activity, I, 301. Begging, evils of, II, 386-9; (see also Charity, Poor).

Behaviour (<,we Conduct). Beliefs: the real and nominal,· I, 313, 324; a priori, II, 54-7; right to free, 136-40, 154; real profession of, 136-7 ; its establishment, 137-9; limitation, 139-40. Bellamy, communism~ II, 41, 58-9. Beneficence: ethical divitiions and sub divisions, I, 282; scope of ethics, 286 8; of altruism and justice, II, 268-70, 273-4, 274-5; discriminated from jus tice, 270-1, 273-4, 274-5; effects of not discriminating, 271-2; neO'ative, 263 432; positive, 335-433; kinds of, 275-6; filial, 351-4; inadequate consciousness of duty, 351-3; its importance, 353-4; ultimate sanction, 330-1; marital, 335 42; prolonged ill-treatment of women, 335-6; its modification, 336-7; man's duty, 338-9; limit to marital, 339-40 ; reciprocal, 341; spontaneous, 342; so cial, 395-409; between equals, 395-7; unequals, 397-9; uniformity, 399-400; dress and fashion, 400-2; use and ap pearance, 402-5; presents and sincer ity, 405-7; rationalization of, 407-9; political, 410-21; important, 410-1; evils from neglect, 411-3; party-gov ernment, 413-6; selection of candi dates, 416-8; vigilance needful, 418 21; at large, 422-33; and fellow feel ing, 422-4; prospective, 424-6, 430-2; human nature, stable, 426-8; its high est form, 428-30, 432-3.

Benevolence (see Beneficence, Genero sity, Humanity). Benn, A. W., on optimism, pessimism, and religious control, I, 316-19. Bentham, J.: estimation of pleasure and pain, I, 152 ; on justice and happiness, 162-8; "greatest-happiness principle," 220, 235, II, 40-1, 58; .as public policy, I, 221-4, 235; also pnvate, 224-6, 235; BEQUEST-COFFEE. 491 egoism needful to principle, 227-9; summary, 235-7. Bequest: right of, II, 119-21, 153-4; limited, 121-2; to children, 123-4; to hospitals, 249. Bernard, Claude, emotion and biliary secretion, I, 89. Betting: and games, I, 530; evils, II, 297; prevalence, 427. Bias, and sociology, I, 464. Billiards, pleasure of playing, I, 157. Biological view of conduct (see Conduct). Biology: belief in causation, I, 48; re lation to ethics, 61-3, 308; its study to precede moral science, 95; utilitarian Ism and generalizations of, 313; and ethics, II, 21; and justice, 156.

Birds: conduct and race-'-maintenance, I, 16; struggle for existence, 17; co herence of motions, 65; rhythm, 72; parental altruism, 202; rearing of off spring, 2H1; hardness of Gron:iwell seed, 304; adaptation, II, 27. Blackstone, W., on Law, II, 53. Blame, restraints on: II, 313-21, 330 ~ and approbation, 313-4; parents and children, 314-5; employers and em ployed, 315-7; between equals, 317-9 ; school ethics, 319-20; punishment, 320-1.. Blessedness, pleasure of, I, 40-4, 45. Blood: ethical analogy from supply, I, 58, 309; or~anic waste and repair, 143 5; sensibihty and quantity of, 177. Book (see Literature). Book-keeping, relation between means and end, I, 160-2. Boot-jack, use and appearance, II, 404. Bravery, and obedience, 1,411-3. Bread: use and appearances, II, 408. Brothers, pecuniary aid, II, 370-3. Browne, Sir T., alms giving, I, 387. Bullying, in schools, II, 363. Burying, alive, I, 331.

Business (see Industrialism). Butter knife, a superfiuit;y, II, 405. CABS, undeserved payments, II, 300-2. Calderwood, Dr. H., criticism of, I, 319. Calumny, wrong, II,116. Canals, imperfections in, II, 420. Cannibalism, and slavery, II, 74. Cards, as amusement, I, 529. Carlyle, T., great-man theory of, I, 518. Caro, E. M., on optimism and pessimism, 316,317. Catholicism, and free speech, II, 142-3. Cats: conscience in, II, 451-60. Causation: intellectual development and belief in, I, 47-9; ignored in religious ethics, 49-51, 61; and by Hobbes, 51 5, 61; by intuitionists, 55-6, 61; by utilitarianism, 56-8, 58-61; development of sciences and ethics, 61-3; the belief in, 296; and politics, II. 49-50 ; and legislation, 238; fructifying, 244 7,250. Celibacy, and disease, I, 534-5. Ceremony, of crowning, 1,433. Change, organic, II, 181-7. Chapman, J., Medical Oharity, II, 386. Character, and incorporeal property, II, 113-7.

Charity, demoralization of, I, 196 ; thou.ghtless, II, 119; (see Generosity, Poor). Chastity, conception of virtue, I, 37, 45, 448--65; needs of species, 448-9: polyg amy and polyandry, 449-51; eVIdence of uncivilized, 451-6,456-8 ; prevailing ethical sentiment, 456-8; and social development, 458-60; and religionl 458, 460; and militancy, 460-2; socia, effects, 462-3, 466. Chemistry, and culture, I, 516. Chess, as amusement, I, 529. Chieftainship, evolution of, II, 202-3. Children: status, I, 376; love of, 378, 388; and obedience, 411-3, 420; filial piety, 413-4; heredity, 481-3; paren tal nutrition, 507; age of parents, 537-9; rights of women, II, 161-3; rights of, 167-73; their claims and adults, 167-8; parental claims, 168-9; duties to parents, 169-70; evolution of claims, 170-'-3; induction and deduc tion congruous, 173; parental blame, 314-5; blame at school, 319; praise of, 323-4; curiosity, 344; "spoiling,"

345-6; slight consciousness of filIal duty, 351-3; its importance, 353-4; pa rental claims, 371 ; aid between, 370-3 ; (see also Offspring, Parenthood). China: the conscience in, I, 321 ; land ownership, II, 97. Christianity: duelling, I, 318, 326; Pa ganism, 322-4; generosity, 386-7; so cial state, 473 ~ slavery, II, 75; free speech, 145; militancy of followerfl, 257; the illused, 363; J. L. Davies on, 447-50. Christmas cards, II, 407. Civilization, and temperance, I, 444-5. Class-legislation, II, 191-3. Classification, and intelligence, II, 263-5. Clearing House, ladies" II, 408. Clitheroe, law case, II, 70. Clothes, and morality, I, 330; and social beneficence, II, 400-2. Coal, efl'ect of price, II, 244. Cochineal, use and appearance, I, 404. Oo3lenterata: indefiniteness, I, 67; Ullrhythmical, 72; adjustments of polype, 80. Coercion, ethical sentiments, I, 335-7. Coffee, effect of, I, 510.

492 CORE'RENCE-CULTURE. Coherence, of evolving conduct, 1,65-'7, 74. Coinage, officialism, II, 234. Cold, effect on health, I, 88; endurance, 438. Colonization, Arnold White on, II, 246. Colour: abstract idea of, 1, 124; relativ ity of pleasures, 179. Communism: and justice, I, 41, 59, II, 272; and property, II, 100-I. Competition: governmental work, II, 230-2; restraints on free, 277-86, 329; and equity, 277-8; effects of work ers' merit, 278-9; machinery, 279-?1; the employer, 281-3 ~ in the profes sions, 283-4; inventions, 284-5; and sympathy, 285-6; employers and em ployed, 291-4, 294-6. Compromise, liking for, II, 148-9. Conduct: acts adjusted to ends, I, 5-7; relation to ethics, 5-7, 20, 281; corre lated evolution with structure and function, 8-10; evolution of, and indi vidual life, 10-15, 44; evolution and race-maintenance, 15-17, 44; evolu tion of social, 17-19, 20, 44 ~ meaning of' good and bad, 21-6,30,44; postu late of pessimism and optimism, 27-30, 45; reversed applications of good and bad, 30-2,45; perfection of, 32-4, 45; conception of virtue, 34-8,45; intui tional. theory of morals, 38-40, 45; pleasure of blessedness, 40-4, 45 ; pleasure, the ultimate moral aim, 46; guidance by remote, not proximate, pleasures, 56, 85, 99; utilitarian esti mate of, 56; psychical aspect, 64; in creasing coherence, 65-7, 74; also defi initeness, 67-9,74; and heterogeneity, 69-71, 74; rhythm and equilibrium of' evolving, 71-4; obligation to perform every function, 76; interaction of feel ings and functions, 77-8, 98; pleasure favourable to vitality, 79-83, 87-91, 98, 100, 101; pains popularly thought beneficial, 83-5, 98; evolution, and de rangement of guidance by feelings, 85-7, 99; effects of disregarding feel ings, 91-5; adaptation of ethical theo ries to their societies, 95-8, 99; repre sentativeness of motives, 104-9, 129; guidance by proximate and ultimate pleasures, 109-13, 130 ; genesis of moral control, 113-20, 130; its differentiation, 120-4, 130; genesis and transitoriness of duty, 124-9, 130; Rociological view of ethics, 132, 148; individual and so cial life, 133, 148; codes of militancy and industrialism, 137-9, 148; limited evolution, 146-8, 149; pleasure, pain, and problems of, 150; egoistic and universalistic hedonism, 151-6; pleas ure, and relation between means and ends, 156-60, 160-2; greatest happiness of greatest number, 166-8; condi~ tions of social equilibrium, 168-71; happiness of highest life, 171-3; the nominal and actual beliefs, 198-200; Kantian rule, 233; sympathy and evolution, 249-51; "absolute"· ethics, 258; current conceptions of right and wrong, 259; absolute and relative ethics, 260; and illuRtrations, 261-5; illustrations of relative ethics, 265-8; and precedence of absolute over rela ti ve, 271-5 ; the ideal of moralists, 277 80; ethical divisions, 281; regulation of private, 282-4; beneficence and scope of ethics, 286-8; Sidgwick on teleological view, 304-6 ; also on pessi mism, 306-8; on relative and abso lute ethics, 309-12; proportion among parts, 558-9; ethics includes all kinds, II, 3-4; and incorporeal property, 113 7; limit of evolution, 269; meaning of good and bad, 330; life, and benefi cence, 330-2.

Conscience: ignorance of causation, I, 55; and conduct, 321-2; ethical senti ments, 337-9; moral sense not intui tive, 470-2; in animals, II, 451-60. Conservatism, of women, II, 197. Constantinople, dogs in, II, 36. ' Contract: breaches of, their evils, I, 207; altruism personally advantageous, 210, 216; ethics and fulfilment of, 557; right of free, II, 127-32; relation to exchange, 129-31; social needs, 131-2; need of enforcing, 411-3; restraints on free, 287-97, 329 ; State enforcement and individual suspension of, 287-9, 289-91; employers and employed, 291 4, 294-6; prospective, 296-7. Controversy: display of ability, II, 308 10, 310, 311; and blame, 313-4; and antagonism, 326-7. Conversation: display of, II, 308-10, 311 ; and blame, 313-4; and antagonism, 326-7. Cooking, use and appearance, II, 404. Co-operation: ofindustrialism, I, 139-43, 148; and society, 465-8; animal, II, 11-2, 12-3, 13-4, 14-6; human, 19-21; and justice, 155 ; nature of the state, 183-7; justice and beneficence, 270-1, 329.

Copyright: and justice, II, 105-7, 153; term of, 107-9. Correlatives, doctrine of, I, 3. Courage, conception of virtue, I, 37, 45; and the in-used, II, 362-3. Cowardice, social effects, I, 467. Cranbrook, Lord, on peace, I, 317. Crime, and education, II, 267-8. Cruelty, pleasure in, I, 392-4, 394-6. Orustacea, conduct and race-maintenance, I, 16. Culture: I, 514-22; and complete life, ·CURIOSITY--- EMOTIONS .. 493 514-5; manual,515-6 ; intellectual, 516; sociology and literature, 518-20; and health, 520-1; altruism, 521-2; and travelling. 525. Curiosity, of children, II, 344. Custom, and moral sentiments, I, 32631. Custom duties,reaflon for, II, 199-200. DANGER, succour of those in; II, 364-6. Davies, J. Llewelyn: the.moral motive, II, 445-50. Death, cessation of activity 1,486; and property, II, 124. . Definiteness: of evolving conduct, I, 67 9,74; also organization, 81 ; the word definite, 272-73.

Deity: approved of suffering, I, 29, 45, 96; origin of right and wrong, 49-51; anger of, and genesis of moral control, 116-20, 130; plimitive ethics, 307-11, 323; militant in mythologies, 311-3. Desires, and food, I, 500-4. Despotism, and veracity, I, 407-9. Diet, time of meals, II, 408. Directors of companies, and blame, II, 320. Discovery, competition, II, 284-5. Discrimination, and intelligence, II, 263-5, 265-8. Disease: heredity, -I, 481-3; celibacy, 534; and marriage, 540-1, 541-3; right to physical integrity, II, 69-70; and wages, 77 ;-infectIOUS,359; ambulance sOCIeties, 361; (see also Health, Sick). Disobedience (see Obedience). Division of labour: co-operation of in dustrialism, I, 142; physiological and sociological, 143-6; socia.l,229-30; and sex, 329-30. Dock-strike, effects, II, 244. Dog: conflict of feelings, I, 114; pleas urable activity,158; -Idea of limits, II, 36; right of property, 103; imagina tion, 265; conscience in, 451-60.

Drama: as amusement, I, 526-'7, 530; copyright, II, 108. Dress: and morality, I, 330; and social beneficence, II, 400-2. Drowning: succour of the, II, 366-8. Drunkenness, social effects, 1, 466; and ethics, 479, 556; legislation, II, 240; (see also Stimulation). Duelling: and Christianity, I, 318, 326 ; and revenge, 365; and duty; II, 449. Duty: genesis and transitoriness of sense, I, 124-9, 130; pleasure and adap tation of future evolution, 182-6, 249 ; the word, 477, 555 ~ restraints on blame, II, 315-7, 320; J.L.Davies on,445-50; in animals, 451-60. Dymond, J., Essays on the Principles oj' j}Io-rality, I, 150. EARTH: right to use surface, II, 81, 84 92, 152-3; relation to property, 94-8; right of gift, 122. Eastbourne, salvation army, II, 26'7. Education, pleasurable form of, I, 262 ; ethical analogy,. 311; Gladstone on, 403; of surrounding objects, 500; man ual, 515-6; health, 520-1; by State, 544-7,547-50; languages, II, 175; Aris totle on, 218; -payment by results, 237 8; for militancy, 252-3; evil of uni formitY,255-1:i;geometrical, 266-7; and . crime, 267-8; by parents, 343-5; "spoil ing " -children, 345-6; proportionate kindness by parents, 346-8; bullying and fagging, 363 ; and beneficence at large, 428-9.

Egg, use and appearance, II, 404. Egoism: prior to altruism, I, 187, 189, 197; benefits of adaptation, 188, 198; heredity and general happiness, 191-3, 198; inadequate, and altruism, 193-6, 198; injurious subordination to altru ism, 196, 198; the nominal and actual beliefs, 198-200; eyolution with altru ism, 201, 204,215; altruism and main tenance of justice, 206-8, 216 ~ social government, 208, 216; enjoylllent of, aided by altrui&m, 211, 212-5, 217 ~ he redity, 218; absolute, and social disso lution, 219, 237; utilitarian altruism, 226, 236; needful to "greatest-happi ness principle," 227-9, 236; physical simile, 228; transfer of happiness, 231 3, 236; summary -of "greatest-happi ness principle," 235-'7; compromise with altruism, 237-41; evolution and conciliation of interests, 242-4; evolu tion of sympathy, and language offeel ings, 246:-9; sympathy and evolution of conduct, 249-51; evolution and al truistic limi tation, 251-4,254-7; ethical divisions, 281; regulation of private conduct, 282-4; beneficence,and scope of ethics, 286-8; conflict with altruism, 289; evolution of life and altruism, 290-2; also social evolution, 293-'5; fu ture altruistic evolution, 295-7; evolu tion, and conciliation with altruism, 298-300; altruism of insects, 300-2; structure and altruistic evolution, 302; justice, 377; and life, 480-1; heredity, 481-3, 483-4; sentiment of justice, II, 31-4; right to motion, 78.

Elephants, justice in, II, 13, 14, 30. Emerson, R. W. : on gentlemen, I, 520; " a mush of concession," II, 326. Emotions: influence on functions, I, '78 ; ill-adjustment to vital needs, 87; effect on vitality, 87-91; relation to feelings, 104:, 105; structure and relativity of, 180-2,184; development of sympathy, and language of, 247; effect of mar riage, 535.

494 EMPLOYED-EVOLUTION. Employed, effect of wages, II, 291-4, 294-6. Employers, restraints on blame, II, 315 7,320. Emulation, and activity, I, 489. Endangered: succour to, II, 362-9; causes prompting, 362-4; and courage, 364-6 ; drowning, 366-8 ; fire, 368-9; summary, 369. Ends, and means, II, 174-5, 175-9. Engines, the protest against, II, 279-81 ; (see also Machinery, Mechanics). England: political obedience, I, 419; ethical ideas, II, 51; land question in, 440-4. Entertainments, benefit of social, I, 512-3. Epicurus, and the ideal state, I, 278. Equality: of justice, I, 165; regulation of public conduct, 284-6. Equilibrium: moving, of evolving con duct, I, 71-4, 74; physiologically in terpreted, 75; social, 168-71 ~ of con· duct, 305. Equity, and justice, I, 542. Esteem, and incorporeal property, II, 113-7. Ethics: relation to conduct, I, 5-7, 20, 281; cardinal ideas of systems of, 32 ; and ideas of causation absent in, 49 ; causation ignored in religious, 49-51, 61; and in Hobbes's, 51-5; and in in tuition theory, 55-6, 61; and in utilita rianism, 56-8, 58-61; relation to sci ence, 61-3, 308; conformity to evolu tion, 63; uniformity, and conception of morality, 70; adaptation of theories to their societies, 95-8, 99; physical aspect, 102-4, 129; ~enesis of moral control, 113-20, 130; Its differentiation, 120-4, 130; genesis and transitoriness of 'duty, 124-9, 130; sociological view, 132, 148; codes of militancy and in dustrialism, 134-7, 148; of industrial ism, 137-9, 148; pleasure, and relation between means and ends, 156 - 60, 160-2; happiness of the highest life, 171-3 ; varying standards of happiness, 174; adaptation of future evolution, 182-6; heredity, and general happi ness, 191-3, 198; the nominal and ac tual beliefs, 198-200; "the greatest happiness principle," 220, 235; and as public policy, 221-4, 235; also private, 224-6, 235; summary of the principle, 235-7; the word (, absolute," 258; cur rent conceptions of right and wrong, 259; popular incongruities, 259; plea sure, absolute and relative, 260; abso lute and relative, illustrated, 261-5; also relative, 265-8; evolution of em pirical to rational, 268-71; precedence of absolute over relative, 271-5; phys-I iological analogy of absolute and 1'elative, 275-7; the ideal man, and ideal society, 277-80; divisions of, 281; reg ulation of private conduct, 282-4; beneficence and scope of, 286-8; Sidg wick on absolute and relative, 309-12; confusion of thought, 307-24; relation to religion, 307-11; amity and enmity, 313-6, 316-8, 322-4; utilitarianism and expediency, 318-20; origin of moral sense, 320-2; sentiments of, 325-39; "pro-ethical," 337-9; definition, 465; social, and co-operation, 465-8; vary ing sentiments, 468-70, the moral sense not intuitive, 470-2; prospect, 472-4; and evolution, 477-8; and life, 478-9; of individual life, general con clusions, 555-61; the title, 555-6; busi ness of, 556-8 ; conduct and proportion, 558-9; rrospective, 559-61; the ideal, 561; and biology, II, 21, 149-51: ani mal, 3-7, 149-51; includes all conduct, 3-4 ; evolution and adaptation, 25-6; of family and State, 42, 167, 170; animal life, 149-50; of social life--negati ve beneficence, 263-332; positivebenefi cence, 335-433; (see also Altruism, Conduct, Egoism, Life).

Evolution: of structure, function, and conduct, correlated, I, 8-10; tends to self-preservation, 25; conformity of ethics to, 63; a change to definite, coherent, heterogeneity, 65; of life, and pleasurable actions, 79-83, 98; hu man, and guidance by feelings, 85-7, 99; health, and disregard of f"Jelings, 91-5; adaptation of ethical theories to their societies, 95-8,99; psychological, 102-4, 129; conduct and represent a ti veness of feelings, 104-9, 129; of moral control, 113-20,130; and its dif ferentiation, 120-4, 130; utilitarianism and experience, 124; codes of mili tancy and industrialism, 134-7, 148; of conduct, limit to, 146-8, 149 ; conduct, and relation between means and ends, 156-60, 166-2; happiness of the high est life, 171-3; adaptation of future, 182-6, 249, 307; benefits of adaptation, 188, 198; egoism and general happi ness, 189-91, 198; universality of so cial altruism, 217; pure altruism, 229 31, 236; egoism and altruism, com promise, 237-41 ; life, and conciliation of interests, 242-4; of conduct, and sympathy, 249-51 ; limit to altruistic, 251-4,254-7; ethical incongruities, 259 ; of science, 268-71; absolute ethics, 275; the ideal man, and ideal society, 277-80; of life, and organic altruism, 290-2; future of altruism, 295-7; of altruism and sympathies, 297; rates 0:"

mortality and multiplication, 298, 300; conciliation of egoism and altruism, 298-300; altruism of insects, 300-2; EXAGGERATION-GERMANY. 495 Sidgwick on absolute and relative ethics, 309-12 i' and ethics, 477-8,478-9 ; adaptation, I , 25-6; and jm;tice for mula, 50-3; a prior'i reasoning, 54-7; nature of the State, 181'-7; intellec tual, 263-5; definiteness of wages, 305--6; beneficence and life, 330-2; and beneficence at large, 432-3; (see also Conduct). Exaggeration, universal, I, 400. Exchange: right of free, II, 127-32, 153-4; evolution of, 127-9; and free contract, 129-31; social needs, 131-2. Excise duties, II, 200. Expediency: in ethics, I, 318-20; a priori I'easoning, II, 57-60; and cur rent politics, 49-50. Experience: evolution and utilitarian ism, 1,124; heredity, 315. Eye: disease of, I, 93; psychical evolu tion, 102-4, 106; relativity of pains, 177, 178; and age, 495-6.

FAGGING: in schools, II, 363. Fainting: result of pain, I, 88; at sight of suffering, 214. Fares, undeserved payments, II, 300-2. Fashion, social beneficence, II, 400-2. Fault finding (see Blame). Fear: influence_ on function, I, 78; and veracity, I, 407-9. Feelings: interaction with functions, I, 78,98; health and disregard of, 91-5; relation to emotion,104, 105; conduct, and representativeness of, 104-9, 129, 151; guidance by proximate and ulti mate pleasures, 109-13, 130; genesis of moral control·. and conflict of, 113-20, 130; its differentiation, 120-4, 130; genesis and transitoriness of duty, 124-9, 130; relativity of pains, 175-8; structure, and relativity of pleasures, 178-80; real and ideal, 228, 236; lan guage of, and development of sympa thy, 246-9; and requirements, 560; evolution and adaptation, II, 25-6; adaptation, 26-7 ; theories of, 42. Fellow-feeling, and beneficence, II, 422-4, Fertility, and individuation, I, 554.

Fiction (see Literature). Fire: current misconceptions, II, 174; succour from, 368-9; Use and appear ance, 1, 403. Fish: life of, and adjustment of acts to ends, I, 12; conduct and race-main tenance, 16 ~ coherence of motions, 65; ancl simplimty and definiteness, 68. Food: human evolution and obtainment of, I, 13; also struggle for existence, 17; ethical analo.gy. of. supply, 59-61 ; contact and aSSImIlatIOn, 80, 100; pleasure of nutrition, 84, 158, 159; effect of emotion, 88, 90; psychical evolution, 102-4, 106; proximate and remote pleasures, 112; relativity of pleasures, 179; pleasures of adapta tion, 190; parental altruism, 203 ; per sonal advantages of altruism, 208-11; absolute ethics, 261, 265; hunger a virtue, 435; surfeit and dislike, II, 26 ; (see also Nutrition, Temperance). Football: as amusement, I, 528; lIt 426. Forgiveness, and revenge, I, 365-7) 367-8. Franee: militancy in, I, 317; right to labour in, II, 63; industrial regula tions, 134-5; children's rights. 172; Iiberty, 178; officialism, 241; pres ents, 407.

Franchise: and political rights, II, 175 9, 180, 194; effect of enlarging, 192; by women, 197-8. Freedom: and rights, II, 62-3; and mur der, 64-7; mutilation, 67-9; disease, 69-70; social needs, 70-1; motion, 72-9; and ability, 157-9; and taxa tion, 223; Kant on, 437-9. Free trade: copyright, II, 105-7; ex change, 129, 131; free speech, 142, 154. Friends: pecuniary aid to, II, 370-5; near relatives, 370-3 ~ more remote, 370-3; forethought needed, 375. Function: evolution of conduct, 1,8-10; life and interdependence of, 75 ~ moral obligation to perform every, 76; inter action with feelings, 78, 98; pleasure giving acts, 91; adaptation and rela tion to structure, 188; pleasure and waste of, 213; relation to pleasure, pain, and altruism, 231; relation of ~hysiology to pathology, 276; nutri tIOn, II, 9, 230. Furniture, use and appearance, II, 404-5. Funerals, cost ot; II, 405-6. GAMBLING, and games, I, 530.

Games: and culture, I, 515; and gam ... bling, 530; and individual freeaom, II, 154; display of ability, 310; (see also Amusements). Generalization: development of science, I, 61; I'are, II, 195. Generosity: I, 378-90; representative ness of justice, 123, II, 44; complex bentiment 1 1,378-9,387 -90; and justice, 379; pseudo-, 379-82: and hospitality, 382-3, 389; of uncivilized, 383-4; in early literatures, 384-6; and sym pathy, 386-7, 3<;)0. Geolog-y: belief in causation, I, 48 ~ de velopment and relation to ethics, 61-3; education, 266-7; a priori reasoning, II, 54-7. Geometry, ethical analogy, I, 271, 272. Germany: militancy in, I, 318, II, 44 ; 496 GHOST-THEORY ---ILLUSED. intemperance, 1,446; rights of women, II, 163; duelling in, 449. . Ghost-theory, genesis of moral control, I, 116-20. Gifts: right of, II, 118-26; relation to property, 118-9; to bequest, 119-21; limited, 121-2; to offspring, 123-4; after death, 124-5; and revenue, 125-6.

Gladstone, W. E., on education, I, 403. God (see Deity). Good, meaning ot, I, 21-6, 30, 44. Government, The Proper. Sphere of, I, iii.; Hobbes's doctrine of, 53; evils of egoism, 208, 216; scope of ethics, 285 ; evolution of altruism, 294; disregard of justice, II, 272; by party, 413-6; (see also Politics). Gratitude: and humanity, I, 399; unveracity, 403-4. Gravity, ethical analogy, I, 274. Greatest-Happiness principle, II, 41, 58. Greece: slavery, II, 75; the State, 183 ~ State functions, 217-9. Greek: ideas of justice, II, 37-40; mur der, 65; education, 175,403. Gregariousness: sub-human, I, 11-2,12 3, 13-4, 14-6, 150; human, 19-21; sen timent of justice, II, 31-4; beneficence and justice, 270-1. Grom well seed, hardness of, I, 304. Growth, law of murder, II, 273. Guardian, The, moral-motive, II, 44550. Guilds, female status, II, 165. Gymnastics: as amusement, I, 529. HANSARD UNION, LIMITED, II, 421.

Happiness: Bentham, Plato, and Aristotle on, I, 163-8; greatest, of greatest number, 166-8; conditions of social equilibrium, 168-71; of highest life, 171-3 ; varying standards of, 174 ; prin clple of "the greatest," 220, 235; and as public policy, 221-4, 235; also pri vate, 224-6, 235 ~ egoism needful for, 227-9, 236; social evolution and pure altruism, 229-31, 236-7; transfer of, 231-3, 236; pure altruism and uni ver sal, 233-5, 236; summary of "the greatest," 235-7 ~ compromise of ego ism and altruism, 237-41; (see also Pleasure). Hastie, W., Philosophy of Law, II, 437. Hawkins, Sir J., slavery, I, 468. Health: disordered function, I, 75; guidance by feelings, 83, 86, 91-5, 99; infiuence of emotion, 86, 101; proxi mate and remote pleasures, 111-3; rel ati vity of pains, 177; general happi ness and egoism, 189-91, 193-6, 198; also heredity, 191-3, 198; subordina tion of egoism and altruism, Hl6, 198 ; altruism, personally advantageous, 208-11, 216; relation of physiology to pathology, 276; and activity, 488; culture, 520; amusements, 530; mar riage, 534-6, 541-3; of parents and children, 538-9, 540-1; and education, II,238.

Heart-disease, timidity, II~ 366. Heat, altruism and simile from, I, 228. Hebrews: conception of justice, II, 52; enslavement, 74. Hedonism: Sidgwick on egoistic and universalistic, I, 151-6, 163; criticism of Benn, 316-8. Heraldry and slavery, I, 468-9. Heredity: benefits from adaptation, I, 188, 198; egoism and general happi ness, 191-3, 193-6, 198; subordination of egoism to altruism, 197, 198; ego istic traits, 218; the ideal man, 280; structure and altruistic evolution, 302 ; teleological view of conduct, 304-6; experience hypothesis, 313; health hnd disease, 481-3; and r~st, 499. Heterogeneity, of evolving conduct, I, 09-71,74. History: trustworthiness; I, 464; and culture, 518-20. Hobart, Chief-justice, on law, II, 53. Hobbes, T.: origin of right and wrong, I, 51-3; causation ignored by, 51-5, 61; doctrine of government, 53; the State, II, 201-2. Hobbs & Co., Limited, II, 421. Holidays, and rest, I, 498.

Homicide: and aggression, I, 341-2, 350; private, 342-3; wholesale, 343-7, 350-1. Honesty: of uncivilized, I, 359-60, 375; and veracity, 406. Horse, conscience in, II, 453-60. Hospitality: and pseudo-generosity, I, 379-82; and generosity, 382-3, 383-4, 389; (see Beneficence, Social). Hospitals: bequests to, II, 249 ; pauperi zation by, 385-6. Hotels: undeserved payments, II, 302. Humanity: I, 391-9; generalization, 391 2; pleasure in seeing cruelty, 392-4, 394-6; of lower races, 396-7; in early literatures, 397-8; and gratitude, 399 ; conclusion,398-9. Hunger: satisfaction of, II, 450; (see also Food). Hutcheson, F., intuition theory, I, 38. IDEAL, the: attainment of, I, 561. Ideas: ethical, I, 325-39; "pro-ethical," 337-9; evolution and adaptation, II, 25-6; association, 26; and sentiment, 35-6. Idleness, disgrace of, I, 432, 434. Ill-health: effects, I, 481-3 (see also Health). Illused, succour to, II, 362-9; causes prompting, 362-4; and courage, 364-6.

IMAGINATION-JUSTICE. 497 Imagination, intellectual evolution, II, 265. Improvidence: and generosity, I, 379; and parenthood, 550-1, 551-3. Impulsiveness, female, II, 194. Inclosure Acts, and commonel'E~, II, 89. India: land ownm"ship, II, 97; AngloIndians, 472. Individual: life of species and, II, 6-7, 149-51. Individuation and reproduction, 1,582-8, 554. Induction: ahuse of, II, 26; a. priori reasoning, 57-60. Inductions qf Ethics: I, 367-472; sum mary, 464-72. Industrialism: evolution of conduct, I, 19, 20; evolution and guidance by feelings, 86; sentiments of pleasure and pain, 97;. virtues of militancy, 97; Its sentiment, 135, 148; ethics, 137-9, 148; co-operation of, 139-43, 148;. limit to evolution of conduct, 146-8, 149; conditions· of social equi librium, 169 ; universality of social altruism, 217; compromise of egoism and altruism, 237-41; absolute and relative ethics, 263-5, 266; evolution of altruism, 294; its growth,297; structure, and altruistic evolution, 302; and veracity, 402-4, 404-7, 409; and obedience, 420-1; moral traits of, 467 8,471-2; sentiment of justice, II,33; idea of justice, 47-8, 50-3, 61; right to motion, 77,152-3; land ownership, 91; right of gift, 121,153-4; free exchange., 131-2; and free belief, 139-40;. and justice, 151-2; female status, 164-5; children's status, 177 ; nature of State, 186 ; its constitution, 189-91,193; State functions, 219-20, 220-2; education for, 253-5; parental. beneficence, 348;, poor .relief, 389-92; and politics, 410; and beneficence at large, 424.

Industry: .I, 422-34; kinds of, 422-4; and predatorv· activities, 424-8,431-2; agriculture, .428-9; subject races, 429 31; sentiments of, 431-2; right to free, II, 133-5, 154; regulation, 155 ; cur rent misconceptions, 174;· Greek con ception, 219; and legislation, 244-7; (see also Competition). Infanticide: and aggression, I, 340, 350 ; a cause, 381 ; . children's rights, II, 171. Infusoria (see Protozoa). Inheritance; varied forms, II, 120; (see also Heredity). Injured,aidin~ the, II, 355-61; limits in family, 355-( ; limits outside, 357-60; training for, 360-I. Injuries, Tel~ivitY of pains, I, 175-8. Insani.t y : in ensibility of idiots, I, 176 ; heredity, 91. Insects, altruism of social, I, 300~2. Instinct, reflex action, I, 105. Insurance, pecuniary aid, II, 374. Intellect: .. effects of marriage, I, 536; fertility, 554; and communIsm, II, 41 2; theories of, 42; and discrimination, 263-5, 265-8; female and marriage, 338-9; scarcity, 343-4.

Intelligence (see Intellect). Intemperance: and religion, I, 440-1; widespread, 441-3; and social condi tions, 443-4. Intuition: theory of'morals, 1,38-40,45; causation ignored in theory, 55-6, 61; happiness of highest life, 171-3. Invention, competition, II, 284-5. Inventors, right of, II, 109-13, 153. Ireland, land tenure, II, 96; contracts in, II,288. JAMAICA: constitution of committee, II, 447. Jelly: use and appearance, II, 404. Joint-stock companies, and equity, I, 333-4. Jones, T. Mann: conscience in animals, II,451-60. Justice: I, 369-72, II, 3-260; doctrine of Hobbes, I, 52; representativeness of' generosity, 123; relation to sympathy, 148; Bentham on, 163-8; altruism, ego ism, and maintenance of, 206-8, 216; personal advantages of altruism, 208-11, 216; "greatest-happiness principle," 223, 226, 235; ethical divisions,' 281 ; regulation of public conduct, 284-6; evolution of altruism, 294 ; Prof. Means' criticism, 314-15; reyenge and aggres sion, 369; family-revenge, 369-72 ; in dividual re,renge, 372-3; militancy and amity, 373-7; altruism and ego ism, 377; generosity, 379; equity, 542; ethics, 557; sub-human, II, 8-16, 150 ; law of su b-human, 8-9; imperfect, 9 10; degree of organization, 10-1; co operation and gregariowmess, 11-2, 12 3, 13-4, 14~6, 150 ; human, 16-24, 150; and sub-human, 17-8; and organiza tion, 18-9; gregariousness, 19-21; the indiyidual and species, 21-4; sentiment of, 25-34; evolution and adaptation, 25-6, 26-7; egoistic development, 27 9; pro-altruistic development, 29-31; the altruiRtic, 31-4; and peace, 34; idea of, 35-44: and sentiment, 35-6; two elements, 36-7; inequality, 37-40; and law, 38; undue equality and so cialism, 40-2; laws of life, 42-3; and social state, 43~4, 50-3; formula of, 45-8; the formula, 45-6; possible mis apprehension, 46-7; social progress, 47-8; authority for formula, 49-61; religious and ethical beliefs, 50-3; 10 gal beliefs, 53-4; a priori reasoning, 498 KANT-LIGHT.

54-7 57-60; final justification, 60-1; corollaries from formula, 62-3; and right to motion, 78-9; formula and deduction, 151-2; and induction, 152 3, 153-4, 154-5; value of formula, 155 6; administration and State duties, 204-8, 208-9, 209-11, 212-4; limits to State duties, 222-5 ; legislation and law of life, 259-60; altruism and benefi cence, 268-70, 273-4, 274-5; discrim inated from beneficence, 270-1, 273-4, 274-5; effect8 of not discriminating, 271-2; Kant and formula of, 437-9; J. L. Davies on, 445-50; sentiment of, in animals, 451-60; (see also Competi tion, Contract, Right). KANT, 1M.: rule of conduct, I, 233; and the ideal man, 278; conception of jus tice, II, 52; idea of rights, 437-9. King Charles, "Touch no State matters," II, 410. Knowledge, altruism, I, 521-2. Krapotkin, Prince, on Socialism, II, 41. LABOUR: Adam and curse of, I, 430; and pleasure, 487-8; relation to property, II, 98-100; property in mental, 103-5, 107-9,153; (see also Activity, Division of Labour, Industry).

Ladies' Exchange, II, 408. Land: . right to maintenance from, II, 378; right to use, 81, 84-92, 152; rela tion of property, 94-8. Land Question, the, II, 440-4. Language: and ethics, I, 477; and education, II, 175. Larkspur, recognition'rII, 265. Latin, and education, 1,175. Laughter, and nutrition, I, 90. Laveleye, M., on communism, II, 41. Law: and custom, I, 331-4, 335; justice and equity, 542; and causation, II, 238 ; Clitheroe case, 70; board schools, 70 ; confusion and evils of, 411-3; copy right, 107-9, 153; failure of Acts, 242, 249-50; fructifying causation, 244-7; free contract, 130; justice, 38; land laws, 89; of nature, 53-4: and rig-hts, 63; and right of gift, 119; officialism, 233-4; restraints on blame, 319. Laws: sumptuary, II, 154. Lawyers, competition, II, 283-4. Legislation: helter-skelter, II, 270; disregard of justice, 272. Libel, wrong, II, 116, 153. Liberator Building Society, II, 421.

Liberty, formula of justice, II, 45-6; (see also Freedom). Liberty and Property Defence League, II, 90-1. Libraries, free, II, 240. Life: evolution of conduct, and indi vidual, I, 10-15, 44; also race-maintenance, 15-17,44; evolution of social conduct, 17-19, 20, 44; "the defi nite combination of heterogeneous changes," etc., also "the continuous adjustment of internal relations," etc., 19; meaning of good and bad conduct, 23-6, 30, 44; view of pessimism and optimism, 26, 45; also postulate, 27-30, 45; perfection· of, 32-4; pleasure of blessedness, 40-4, 45 ; interdependence of individual and social, 60; moving equilibrium of, 71-4, 74 i interdepend ence of function and length of, 75; pleasure favourable to, 79-83, 87-91, 98, 100, 101; pains thought beneficial, 83-5, 98; evolution and guidance by feelings, 85-7; disregard of guidance by feelings, 91-5; Barratt on conscious ness, 100; psychical evolution, 102-4; representativeness of feelings and self preservation, 104-9, 129; guidance by proximate and ultimate pleasures, 109 13, 130; sociological view of ethics, 133, 148; social and individual, 133, 136, 148; codes of militancy and in dustrialism, 134-'7, 148; and of indus trialism, 137:-9, 148; also its co-opera tion, 139-43, 148; physiological and sociological division of labour, 143-6; limit to evolution of conduct, 146-8, 149; happiness of the highest, 1'71-3; pleasure and adaptation of future evo lution, 182-6, 249, 307; benefits from adaptation, 188, 198; egoism and gen eral happiness, 189-91, 198; definition of altruism, 201; altruism and race maintenance, 201-4, 216; augmented by altruism, 214; altruism, pleasure, and function, 231; evolution and con ciliation of interests, 242-4; develop men~ of sympathy, 244-6; regulation of prlVate conduct, 282-4; also public, 284-6; evolution of altruism and, 290 2; rates of mortality and mu1tiplica~ tion, 298, 300; altruism of insects, 300-2; teleological view of conduct, 304-6; Sidgwick on pessimism, 306-8 ; ethics of individual, 477-561; intro ductory, 477-84; and evolution, 478-9; man, 479-80; ethics of individual ego ism and altruism, 480-1; heredity, 481-3; activity, 485; pleasures, 505; amusements, 523-4; individual and social, 544-7; law of preservation, II, 4-5, 5-6, 6-'7, 10-1, 12-3, 13-4, 149-51; sub-human and human, 17-8; justice and laws of, 42-3, 60; murder, 64-'7; right of property, 122; limit to State duties, 259-60; discrimination and in telligence, 263-5, 265-8; highest form, 269, 270; beneficence, 330-2.

Lifting, or stealing, I, 355. Light: respiration increased by, I, 89; right to use, II, 80-1, 81-2, 92, 152.

LITERATURE-MONOPOLY. Literature: culture, I, 519-20; fiction, 526; property in, II, 105-'7,10'7-9,153; praise in, 324-6. Liver, effect of emotion on, I, 89. Locke, T., on property, II, 94. LocomotiYe, current conception, 174; (see also Machiner;y" Mechanics). Logic, in conversatIOn, II,,308-10, 311, 313-4 ~ (see also Reasoning). London and General Bank, 1I, 421. London roads, II, 418~9. Love and chastity, I, 463. Loyalty:. 1,414-'7; and militancy, 417 20. Lying (see Truth, Veracity). MACHINERY:.current misconceptions, II, 1'74 ; the protest against, 2'79-81; waste of social, 386. Macintosh, Sir J: on law, II 53-4. Mackay, T.: Tlte English Poor, II, 442. Maine, SirH. : Roman Law, II, 53; happiness, 60. Maitland, F. W.: Kantian idea of' rights, II,437. Mammalia: conduct and race-mainten ance, 1,16; rhythm in, 72; parental altruism, 202, 203. Man : perfection of, I, 32-4, 45; primi tive belief in power of· name, 35; in creasing coherence of actions, 65-'7, 74; also definiteness, 68,'74; and het erogeneity, '70, 74; equilibrium of 80 ciety,t'71-4,74; evolution, and guidance by leelings, 86, 99; pleasure and adaptation of future evolution, 182-6, 249; the ideal. 2'78.

Mansion House Fund, II, 382. Manslaughter (see Homicide). Marriage: I, 532-43;' instinct of, .84 ; moral check' on adultery, 120; altru ism, and varied forms of, 204; and chastity, 451-4, 456-8; individuation and reprod~ction, 532-4; ethical sanc tion, 534-6; age of parents, 536-9; choice in, 539-41; restraints after, 541 3; free speech, II, 144; children's rights, 172; female intellect,338~9; (see also Parenthood). Mathematics: and culture, I, 516; a prio1"ireasoning, II, 54-'7. Meals, time of, II,- 408. Mean, doctrineof the, I,'556-8, 558-9. Means, Prot: : .on rational and empirical utilitarianism, I, 312-14;' on justice, 314-15. Means, and ends, II, 174-5,1'75-9. Mechanics: .empirical and rational sci enceof, I, 268-71; property in inven tions, II, 109-13. Memory (see Psychology). Men: freedom and ability, II, 157-9. Mendicity Society (see Poor). 70 Militancy:. egoism of, I,· v.; evolution of conduct, 19, 20; evolution and guidance by feelings, 86; sentiments of pleasures and pains, 96; virtues of, 97; genesis of moral control,. 115-20, 130; mdividual and social life, 134, 136, 148; sentiment of industrialism, 135, 148; egoism and altruism, 199; ego ism, altruism, and maintenance of jus tice, 206-8; universality of social al truism, 217; compromise of' egoism and altruism, 237-41; development of sympathy, 245; justice, 285; evolution of altruism,. 293, 294, 29'7; in mythol ogies, 311-3; and current ethics, 313, 316-8,322-4; aggression, 347-50, 350 1; and robbery, 352-4;356-9; revenge, 367"'-8; and justice, 3'73-4,374-'7; WOlU en's status, 375-6; children's, 376; veracity, 402~4, 404-7, 409; loyalty, 41'7-20; and obedience, 420-1; and industry, 428-9, 431-2; status of offi cers, 432; moral traits, 467-8 471-2; chastity, 460-2; and English thought, .472-4; sentiment of justICe, II, 33 1 36 i idea of justice, 37-40, 43-4; formu a 01 justice, 47-8, 50-3; right to physical mtegrity, 70-1; and to motion, 72-4, 76,79,152-3; ownership, 89,152; land ownership, 91; free industry, 133-5; and free belief, 139-40; and free speech, 146-7; and justice, 951-2; fe male status, 164i children's status, 1'72; State constItution; 188-9, 1~3; origin of government, 202-4, 208-9; State functions, 218-9, 219-20; educa tion for, 253; parental beneficence, 348; courage, 362-3; pOOl' relief, 389 92; and politics, 410; beneficence at large, 424, 429.

Mill, J. S.:· letter to, on moral intu itions, I, 123; also on title" anti-utili tarian," .57; ."greatest-happiness" principle, 220, 224; social physiology and pathology, 312; experience-hy.:. pothesis and heredity, 313 ; utilitarianism, II,· 41, 58. " Mind (see Psychology). Miser: reason forpri .. zing-money, l~ 31; sympathy and evolution of conduct~ 249-51. Molecules, social analogy from equi librium of, 170. Mollusca: adjustmentof acts to ends, I, 11, 14; rhythm in, 72. Money: prized by miser, I, 31; relation between means and ends, 160-2; cur rent misconceptions, II, 174-5. Monkeys, justice in, II, 14. Monkshood,recognition of, II, 265. Monogamy: reprobated, I, 327-8; and social state, 448. . ' Monopoly: and copyright, II, 106-7; in ventions, 110-3.

500 MORAL MOTIVE-PAR,ENTS. Moral motive, the: II, 445-50. Moral sense: origin, I, 320-2; not intui tive, 470-2. Morality: and clothes, I, 330; free speech, II, 143-4; (see Conduct, Eth ies). Mortality, rates of multiplication and, I, 298,300. 'Motion: evolution and coherence of, I, 65-7; conceivability, 125; rights to free, II, 72-9, 152-3. Mottoes: aggressive, I, 345; loyal, 417. Multiplication, improvident, I, 550-1, 551-3. Murder: intuition theory, I, 39; moral deterrent, 120; varied opinions on, 468; equal freedom, II, 64-7; law of' growth, 273 ; commercial, 282; in Aus tralia, 370; (see also Homicide). Muscle: act.ion of pleasures and pains, I, 101; psychical evolution and motion, 102-4; rhythm in, 492-3. Music: evolution of sympathy, and Ian:.. 'g-uage of feelings, I, 246-9; and altru Ism, 522; as amusement, 527; rights to media. II, 83; property in, 105-7, 107-9,153; undeserved payments, 299; praise in, 324-6; marital beneficence, 341.

NATURAL SELECTION; (see Survival of the :Fittest). Nature: la w of, II, 273. Navy, officialism, II, 232. Nerves: sensibility and development, I, 175-8; structure, and relativity of pleasure, 180-2; apriori reasoning, II, 54-7. Nichols, Sir G., Poor relief, II, 442. Nobility: loyal mottoes, I, 417; mottoes of English. 345. Novels, reading of, I, 526-7, 531; read ing and justice, II, 44. Nutrition: 500-7; subject matter for ethic!', I, 500; food and desire, 500-4; variety of food, 504-6; altruism, 506-7 ; doctrine of the mean, 556-8, 558-9 ; and law of preservation, II, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7, 10 ; function, 9, 230. OBEDIENCE: I, 410-21; the two kinds, 410-1; filial, 411-3, 413-4, 420; politi cal, 414-7; militancy, 417-20; in ani malb, II, 451-60. Obligation: moral, custom and law, I, 3~1-4, 335; the word, 477 ; J. L. Davies on, II, 445, 50. Officialism: and militancy, II, 134; evils, 232-5, 240-4; evils of, 380.

Offspring: control of morality symbol ized, I~ iv.; egoism and heredity, 218; conciliation of interests, 242-5 ; organic .parental altruism, 290-2; law of preservation, II, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7, 12-3, 13-4, 149-51; (see also Children). Opinion: ethical sentiments, I, 336-7. Opium: use of, 1, 511; and Poor relief, Il,394. Optimism; worth of life, I, 26, 45, II, 330; agreement with pessimism, I, 27 30, 45 ; Sidgwick on pessimism, 306-8 ; Benn's critlCism, 316-8; and life, II, 5. Organization: and justice, II, 10-1, 18-9. Ought: ethics and the word, I, 555; con science in animals, II, 451-60. Ownership: sentiment of, II, 28 ; ofland, 440-4; (see also Property). PAIN: postulate underlying pessimism and optimism, I, 27-30, 45; reversed applications of good and bad conduct, 30-2,45; pleasure of blessedness, 40-4, 45; guidance by remote, not proxi mate, 56~ 85, 99; decreases vitality, 79-83, 87-91, 98,100,101,214; popular ly thought beneficial, 83-5, 98; evolu tion and derangement of guidance by, 85-7, 99; Bain on acts giving, 100; Barratt on consciousness, 100; genesis of moral control, 113-20, 130; problems of conduct, 150; hedonism and esti mation of, 151-6, 163; relativity of feel ings, 17'5-8; adaptation of future evo lution, 182-6, 249, 307; egoism and general happiness, 189-91, 198; abnor mal function and altruism. 231; de velopment of sympathy, 244-6; evolu tion and altruistic limitation, 251-4, 254-7; absolute and relative ethics, 260; and illustrations, 261-5; also of relative ethics, 265-8; scope of ethics, 287'; evolution and conciliation of egoism and altruism, 298-300; Sidg wick on pessimism, 306-8; also on rel ative and absolute ethics, 309-12; Benn's criticism on optimism, 316-18; and s;ympathy, 560.

Panama scandals, II, 421. Parasites: and evolution, II, 5; sub human justice, 10. Parenthood: 1,544-54; the supreme end, 544; obligations of. 544-7; prospec tive, 547-50, 553-4; improvident mul tiplication, 550-1, 551-3; interests of race and indi viduals, 553-4. Parents: control of morality symbolized, I, iv.; conciliation of interests, 242-4 i organic altruism, 290-2; blaming or children, II, 314-5 ~ beneficence of, 343-50' need for restrictions, 343; education by, 343-5; '~spoiling''' chil dren, 345-6; proportionate kmdness, 346-8; wealth, 348-50; slight conJ sciommess by children of duty.to, 351 3; .its importance, 353-4; chIldren's claIms, 371.

PARLIAMENT-PROPERTY. 501 Parliament: compromise, II, 148; officialism, 233; limitation of, 235-6. Parties: benefit of social, I, 512-3. Party-government, evils of, II, 413-6. Patent: property in inventions, Il, 110 ; term of, 112-3. Pathology: relation to physiology, I, 276; ltnowledgeofbiology,309; social, 312. Paupers (see Poor). Payments, restraints on undeserved: II, 298-306; examples from music, 298-9; from cab fares, 300-2; from hotels, 302; from railways, 802-5; unneces sary, 305-6. Peace: and sentiment of justice, II, 84. Perfection, meaning of, I, 32-4, 45. Personalty, right of gift, II, 124-5. Pessimism: worth of life, I, 26, 45; II, 330; agreement with optimism, 1,27 80, 45 ;Sidgwick on. 806-8; Benn's criticism, 316-8; and life, II, 5. Philanthropy (see Beneficence, Gener osity). PhysiCIans, competition, II, 283. Physiology: evolution ofstructure, func tlOn, and conduct, correlated,I, 8-10; interdependence of functions, 75; pleasure favourable to vitality, 87-91, 100, 101 ~ social division of labour,· 143-6; relation to pathology, 276; and biological knowledge, 309; social, 312.

Pictures, pleasure from, I, 525-6. Piece-worK (see Competition). Pity in animals, II 38. Plato: ideal good, I, 36; origin of right and wrong, 51; pleasure, 163; and the ideal man, 278; justice, II, 38-40; re public of, 218. Pleasure: postulate underlying pessi mism and optimism, I, 27-30, 45; re versed applications of good and bad conduct, 30-2, 45 ; intuitlOn theor" 38 40; of blessedness, 40-4, 45; ultImate moral aim,46; guidance by proximate and ultimate, 56, 85, 99, 109-13, 130; increases vitality, 79-83,87-91,98,100, 101; thought detrimental, 83-5, 98; evolution and derangement of guid ance by, 85-7, 99; Barratt on con sciousness, 100i Bain on acts giving, 100; and geneSISof moral control, 113 20, 130; sense of duty, 128,130; prob lems of conduct, 150; hedonism and estimation of, 151-6, 163; relation be tween means and ends, 156-60, 160-2 ; Bentham, Plato, and Aristotle on, 163 8; structure; and relativity of,178-80, 180-2,186; adaptation of future evolu tion,182-6, 249, 307; egoism and gen eral happiness, 189-91, 198; heredity and general happiness, 191-3,198 ; also egoism,193-6,198; egoistic, ofaltruism, 212-15; effect of age, 213; of normal functions and altruism, 231 ; develop ment of sympathy, 244-6; sympathy and evolution ofconduct, 249-51; evo lution and altruistic limitation, 251-4, 254-7; absolute and relative ethics, 260; also illustrations, 261-5; education and knowledge of things, 262; relative ethics illustrated, 265-8; organic al truism, 290; structure and altruistic evolution, 300; 8idgwick on pessi mism, 306-8; and on relative and abso lute ethics, 309-12; Benn on opti mism, 316-18; labour, 487-8 ~ life, 505 ; waste and repair, 527; (see atso Altru ism, Egoism, Happiness, Pleasure).

Poetry: altruistic development, I, 215; praise in, II, 324-6. Poker: use and aPI?earance,II, 403. Political economy, Justice, II, 154-5. Political rights: of women, II, 165-6; so-called, 174-80; current misconcep tions, 174-5, 179-80; political means and ends, 174-9. Politics: and causation, II, 49; induc tion, 57-60; (see Beneficence, Politi cal). Pollock~ Sir F., on land laws, II, 89, 90. Polyanary: and social state, I, 448; and chastity, 449-51. Polygamy: approved I, 327-8; and social state, 448; and chastity, 449-51. . Poor law: effects, II, 245-6; and "right" 63. Poor: relief of, II, 376-94; three kinds of, 376; by rates, 376-8, 394; the poor laws, 378-82; by voluntary or ganization, 382-6; by individuals, 386-9; the natural form, 389-92· needful regulation, 392-4; amount of English, 442-3. Popularity: political beneficence, II, 416-8. Population: and poor relief, II, 379; prospective, 431-2.

Portraits, and praise, II, 327. Post office,and private enterprise, II, 248. Power, female love of, II, 196-7, 340. Praise, restraints on: II, 322-8, 380; and truthfulness, 322-3; beauty, 323-4; literature and the arts, 324-6; agreement with opinions, 326-7 ; tes timonials, 326; prospective, 327-8. Presents: at weddings, II, 406-7; at Easter and Christmas, 407; (see also Gifts). Press (see Publication). Professions, competitIOn in, II, 283-4. Property: inheritance, I, 487; sentiment of, II, 28; in land, 84-92, 152; relation to land, 94-8; communism, 100-1; absolute and relative ethics1101-2; and taxation, 102; rig-ht 01 incorporeal, 103-17, 153 ;in Inven tions, 109-13; in reputation, 113-7; 502 .PROTOZOA --.-SANOTIONS. and gifts, 118-9; and· bequests, 119 21 ; .mental products, 103-5, 152-3; copyright, 105-7, 153; term of copy right, 10'7-9, 153; rights of women, 160-3 ;of children, 172; State protec tion, 199; theft, 243; parental benefi cence, 348-50; in land, 440-4.

Protozoa: adjustment of acts to ends, I, 10; genesis in, 15; incoherence of motions) 65; indefiniteness, 6'7; con tact witn nutritive matter, 100; altru ism and fission of, 202. Psychology: mental perfection, I, 34; causation and intellectual develop ment, 47-9; development and relation to ethics, 62-3; psychical aspect of . conduct, 64; ffistho-physiology, 77-8; dependence of mind and body, 92; evolution and composition of mind, 102-4, 129' conduct and representa tiveness of motives, 104-9, 129; per sonal advantages of social intelligence, 208-11, 216; mental development and fertility, 246; sympathetic evolution and language of feelings, 246-9; edu cation and knowledge of things, 262; relation to ethics, 308; experience hy pothesis and heredity, 313; and jus tice, II, 156; intellectual evolution, 263-5, 265-8; (see also Altruism, Ego ism, Emotions, Feelings). Publication, right of free, II, 141-7, 154; free belief, 141-2; arguments against, 142-4; evolution of, 144-6; Public schools, ethics of, Il, 363; (see also Education).

Punishment: co-operation, II, 20-1; in board schools, '70; restraints, 320-1. Pursuit, pleasures of, I, 15'7-60, 184. RACE-MAINTENANCE:altruism, I, 201-4, 216, 23'7; conciliation of interest!:), 242-4. Rail ways: intellectual strain, 1, 494; social effects, 525; compensation by, II, 68-9; and disease, 69; evils of tips, 302-5; accidents, 304; suspension of contracts, 289-90; smoking, 83; rights to media, 84; wearisomeness of jour ney, 409; conscience in dog, 453. Ravachol, "suppression" of, II, 272. Reasoning: a priori, II, 54-7: inductive, 57-60; compromise, 148-9; (see also Logic). Reflex action: relation to cognition, I, 104: instinct, 105. Relative Ethics (see Ethics). Relati vity of pains and pleasures (see Pains, Pleasuret;). Relatives, pecuniary aid to: II, 370-5; with near relatives, 3'70-3; more re mote, 373-5; forethought needed, 375. Religion: superstition of, I, ·48; causa· tion ignored by, 49-51; as influencing sentiments of ethics, 96; genesis of moral control, 116-20, 130, 318; its differentiation, 120-4, 130; genesis of duty, 12'7, 130: happiness, and ethics ofl 171-3; ethical incongruities, 259; relation to ethics, 30'7-11, 322-4; tem perance l 435-6 ;.and intoxication, 440 ; unchastity, 458, 460; social state, 473 ; right of free worship, II, 136-9; free speech, 145; and freedom, 267.

Representativeness: differentiation of moral control, I, 120-4, 130; genesis and transitoriness of duty, 124-9, 130; of feelings and conduct, 151: pleasure of games, 157; and of nutrition, 159 ; of feelings, and evolution of sympathy, 246-9. Reproduction, and individuation, I, 532 3,554. Reputation, and incorporeal property, II, 113-'7. Respiration, increased by light, I, 89. Rest: 493-9; ethically enjomed, I, 493 ; rhythm, 493-5; daily amount of, 495 '7 ; weakly, 497-8; and altruism, 498-9. Restraints (see Competition, Contracts). Retaliation, sentiment of justice, II, 29 30. Retrospect, with addition, II, 148-56. Revenge: 1,361-8; and aggression, 361-2; an obligation, 362-5; and for giveness, 365-'7; and militancy, 36'7 8; justice, 369; for family, 369-72; for individual, 372-3; formula of justice, II,4'7-8. Revenue, and gifts, II, 125-(t Rhythm, in reaBoning, II, 54. Right: evolution of, 1,307-11: confusion of, 325-6; ethics, and the word, 555; meaning of, 62-3; to physical integ rity, 64-'71; to free lIlotion, '72-9; to natural media, 80-93; to property, 94 102; to incorporeal property, II, 103 1'7; to light and air, 80-1, 81-2, 82-4, 92, 152; to the earth~ 84-92, 152; to property, 94-102; Kant on, 43'7-9; (see also Gifts, Property).

Roads: in London, II, 418-9. Robbery: I, 352-60; militancy, 352-4, 356-9; "lifting," 355; honorable, 354 6 'h amity, 359-60; hospita.lit y, 380; et iCB, 557; (see also Theft). Rome, law in, II, 53. Rooks, co-operation, II, 11, 13, 30. Royalty, and invention, II, 285. Russia, property in land, II, 86-'7. SALISBURY, LORD :on abstract ideas, I, 240-4. Salvation Army: uproar, II, 137; at Easthourne, 26'7. Sanctions, the ultimate: II,329-32; ori gin of obligation to be beneficent, 329.

SAVAGE-STATE. 503 Savage, the word, 1,394-6. 204-6, 216; egoism and government, Schools (see Education). 208, 216; personal advantaO'es ofphysf::jcience: relation· to. ethics, I, 61,308; ical, moral, and intellectua1 improveevolution of empirical to rational, 268-ment of, 208-11, 216; universality of 71; beliefin causation, 296; evolution social altruism, 217; pure altruism and of, 516j and culture, 516-8, 519; caUsa.,.. evolution of, 229-31, 236i-egoislI~ and tion, II, 49-50; induction,57-60. altruism, compromise,237-41; develSculpture, pleasure from, I, 526. opment of sympathy, 244-6; its furSensations: and food, 1, 500-4; (see also ther evolution, 246-9; evolution and Feelings, Psycholog'y). altruistic limitation, 251-4, 254-7; abSentences, disproportlOn of legal, II, 234. solute and relative ethics, 267; absoSentiments: ethical, I, 325-39; "pro-lute ethics, 275; ideal, and ideal man, ethical," 337-9; and ideas, II, 35-6. 277-80; regulation of private conduct, Sexes: relations of, I, 327~8; and free 282-4; and of DubHe, 284-6; evolution speech, II, 143-4; (see also Chastity, of, and of altruism, 293-5; future alWomen). truistic evolution, 295-7; egoism and Shakespeare, "the. wish," &c., II, 349-altruism of insects, 300-2; structure, 50. and altruistic evolution, 302; Sidgwick Shame, ethical sentiments, 1,336-7. on relative and absolute ethics, 309Shooting, as amusement, 1, 528. 12; physiology and pathology of,~n2; Sick, aiding the: II, 355-61; limits in highest form, II, 269.

family, 355-7; limits outside, 357-60; Societies, philanthropic, Il, 383-4. trainip.g for, 360-1. Sociology: complexity, I, 464; varying Sidgwick, H.: on egoistic and universal-ethical sentiments, 468-70; and culistic hedonism, I, 151-6, 163; method ture, 518-20; discrimination, Il, 268. of hedonism, 156; Methods of Ethics, Socrates, and the ideal man, I, 278; jus259, 273; and the ideal man, 279; te-tice, II, 38-40; death, 138. leological view of conduct, 304-6; Soil (see Earth, Land). pessimism, 306-8; relation of ethics to· 1 Sound: subjectivity of, I, 174; relativity sciences, 308 ; relative and absolute of pains, 178; and pleasures, 179 ; evoethics, 309-12; empirical utilitarian-lution of sympathy and language of ism, 312. feelings, 246-9. Sisters, pecuniary aid, II, 370-3. Space, .. and experience-hypothesis, I, Skye, contracts of crofters, II, 288. 123. Slavery: and generosity, I, 387; varied Species: law of preservation, II, 4-5,5-6, opilllons on, 468-9 ; and heraldry, 469; / 6-7,12-3, 13-4, 149-51; maintenance and rights to free motion, II, 74-5, I and gifts, 118; beneficence and life, '75-8, 152; and murder, 66; miseries of, I 330-2; maintenance of; (see Life).

431. Speech: right of free, II, 141-'7, 154; Sleep: amount of, I, 495-'7. free belief, 141-2; arguments against, Smell: acquirement of food, I, 81; psy-142-4; evolution of, 144-6; limitation, chieal evolution, 102-4, 106; relativity 14'7. of pleasures, 179. . Spencer, Rev. T., on poor laws, 11,381-2. Smoking: a sin, I, 32'7 ; right to air, II, Sport, sharing of, 11,96; (see also Amuse83,305.. ments). Sobriety (see Temperance). .. State,constitution of the : II, 188-200; Social Statics .. the title, I, 1'71; moral-and militancy, 188-9; industrialism, ity defined, 2'71. . 189-91; human interests, 191-3; transi ' Socialism: idea of justice; II, 41 ; aim tional, 193-4; State burdens, 198-200. of, 44; and strikes, 245; and wages, State, duties of: II, 201-14; war and 278-9; poor relief, 3'79. . government, 202-4, 208-9,209-11,212Society: social and individual life, I, 4; administration of justice, 204-8, 60, i34, 136, 148; equilibrium of units 209-11; authorizations, 211-2; limits and 71-4, 74, 168-71; evolution and of, 215-27; paternal government, 215guidance by feelings,. 86, 99 ; genesis 7; militant conception of functions, of moral control, 116-20, 130; Its dif-217-9; transitionaf state, 21!)-20; true ferentiation, 120.,...4, 130; genesis of conception, 220-2 ~ and justice, 222-5 ; duty, 127, 130; codes of militancy and voluntary association, 228-9; specialiindustrialism, 134-'7,148; ofindustrial-zation, 229-30; competition,. 230-2 ; ism, 137-9, 148: •co-operation of in-evils of officialism, 232-5; need of dustrialism, 139-43,148; physiological limitation, 235-6; complexity of social and sociological division of labour,. matters, 237~9; pursuit of happiness, 143-6; limit to evolution of conduct, 239-40; legislation and principles, 240146-8, 149; evolution of altruism in, .4, 249.,..50; voluntary enterprise, 247504 STATE-VERAOITY.

9; concluded, 251-60; formation of chamber, 251-2, 252-3, 253-5; evils of uniformity, 255-6, 256-8; spontaneous adaptation, 258-9; law of life, 259 60. State, The: education by, I, 544-'7, 54'7 50; nature of, II, 181-7; e\'olution of, 181-2; nature variable, 182-3, 187; varied functions, 183-7; poor relief by, 376-8, 394. Stealing (see Robbery). Steam engine, current conception, II, 174; (see also Machinery, Mechanics). Stewart, of New York, II, 281-2. Stimulation, I, 508-13; ethical subject matter, 508-9; absolute ethics, 509-10, 513; relative ethics, 510-2, 513; and vital requirements, 512-3. Strikes, effects, II, 244-5. Structure: evolution of conduct, 1,8-10 ; relati vity of pleasures, 178-80, 180-2; pleasure and adaptation of future evo lution, 182-6, 249, 307; adaptation and relation to function, 188; relation to pleasure, 263. Sub-human justice (see Justice). Suffering, pleasure in seeing, I, 392-4, 394-6.

Sumptuary Laws, II, 154. Sunday: the weekly rest, I, 49'7-8; schools and social beneficence, II, 398. Sunlight and female beauty, 1,481. Survival of the fittest: conduct, I, 17-9, 320-1; and food, 501; co-operation, II, 12; sub-human justice, 8, 150' human justice, 17; Rocial, 274; and disease, 356; poor relief, 393. Sympathy: evolution and conciliation of egoism and altruism, I, 244-6, 298 300 ; its further evolution, 246-9; evo lution of conduct, 249-51; evolution and altruistic limitation, 251-4, 254 7; ethical inccrngruities, 259; altru istic evolution, 297; generosity, 378, 391; and humanity, 390; with pain, 560; sentiment of jw;;tice, II, 31-4 ; in animals, 33; competition, 285-6; un deserved payments, 298-9. TASTE: contact and assimilation of food, 1, 80; psychical evolution, 102-4; sweetness of sugar, 174; relativity of pleasures, 178. Taxation: and right to property, II, 102; state constitution, 198-200; a diminution of freedom, 223.

Tea: effect of, I, 510. Teleology, legitimate and illegitimate, I, 304-6. "remper, and moderation, II, 321. 'remperance: I, 435-47; and religion, 435-6; gluttony, 436-8; other traits, 438-40; intoxication, 441-3 ; social conditions, 443-4; civilization, 444-5 ; ethical and pro-ethicalsentiment,445 7; John Bull, 447. Testimonials: and praise, II, 327. Theatre: as amusement, I, 526-7, 530; idea of justice, II, 35. Theft: intuition theory, I, 39; moral check on, 120; equal ness of justice, 165; varying sentiments of, 469-70; ideas of, II, 37; right of propertJ, 99 100; and happiness, 239-43; (see Rob bery). Theology (see Religion). Theories, co-ordination of, II, 42. Thermometer, and perception, II, 236. Thought, scarcity of, II, 343-4. Timidity, heart disease, II, 366. Tips, undeserved payments, II, 300-2, 302-5. Toast, use and appearance, II,403. Tobacco: use of, I, 511; right to air, II, 83.

Toleration Act: of 1688, II, 138. Torture, approved by deity, 1,29,45,96; (see also Cruelty). Touch: assimilation of food, I, 80; rela tivity of pleasures, 179. Trade: Socratic rea&oning, I, 39; (see also Industry). rrradeB Unions: machinery and piece work, II, 279-81; and wages, 291-4, 294-6. Trains (see Rail ways). Travellers, trustworthiness of, I, 464. Travelling: effects, I, 525. Truth; varying sentiments on, I, 4'70; necessity of, II, 57; and praise, 322-3; poor relief, 388; (see also Veracity). UNCHASTITY: a virtue, I, 470; (see also Chastity). Unemployed: effect of wages, II,291-4, 294-6. Uniformity, conception of morality, 1, 70. United States: liberty in, II, 178; (see also America). Usury: rates, II, 130; penalties on, 155. Utilitarianism: causation ignored by, I, 56-8,58-61; evolution and experience, 124; universalistic hedonism, 153; Bentham on justice and happiness, 162-8; "the greatest-happiness prin ciple," 220, 235; and as public policy, 221-4, 235; also pri vate, 224-6, 235; transfer of happiness, 231-3, 236; pure universal altruism, 233-5, 236; sum mary of "greatest-happiness princi ple," 235-7; rational and empirical, 312; ethics of, and laws of life, 313; in ethics, 318-20, 324.

VANITY: restraints on, II, 323-4. Vendetta, and militancy, I, 367. Veracity: 1,400-9; exaggeration,400-1; VIRTUE-WRONG- DOI~G. 505 and industrialism, 402-4, 409; mili tancy and coercion, 404-7, 409; des yotism, 407-9. Vutue, conception of, I, 34-8, 45. Vision, evolution of, II, 264. Votes: and political right8, II, 175-9, 180, 194; effect of increasing, I, 192; by women, 197-8. WACE, Prof. H., criticism of, I, 319. Wages: effect of merit in workers, II, 278-9; employers and employed, 291 4, 294-6; exchange, 129, 130; regu lation, 155; undeserved pa.yments, 300-2. War: and aggression, I, 343-'7,350; human justice, II, 21-4; (see also Mili tancy). W~ste, physiological; ethical analogy, I, 59; equilibrium with repair, 143, 283; and pleasure, 213. Watch t simile from motion of, I, 295. Watt, James, inventions, II, 11I. Wealth: current misconceptions, II, 175; parental beneficence, 348-50.

We~dings, cos~ of, II, 40lt WhIst, as amusement, I, 529. White, Arnold: on colonization, II, 246. Wine (see Drunkenness, Stimulation). Wolseley, Lord, on the soldier, I, 346. Women: labour, I, 328-30; robbery, 353-4; status, 375-6; work, 424-8; in dividuality, 469; death of husbands, 469-70 ~ culture and health, 520-1; chil dren and maternal age, 538-9; rights of, II, 157-66; freedom and ability, 157-9, 159-60; husband's and wife's claims, 160-3; evolution of, status, 163-5; political rights. 165.,...6; charac teristics and use of political power, 194-8; prolonged ill-treatment of. 335-6; its modification, 336-'7; man's duty to, 338-9; love of power, 340. Words: obtaining essential meaning of, I, 21; primitive connection with things, 35. Workmen, employers' liability, II, 68-9. Worship: right to free, II, 136-40, 154; really profe~sion of, 136-7; its estab li~hment, 137-9; limitation, 139-40.

Worth, definition of, I, 318. Wrong, ethics and the word, I, 555. Wrong-doing, effect of persistence in, I, 458 THE END.